caa a22 4500 477038697 CHVBK 20180405111311.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00985239 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00985239 Johnson S. Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, 7700, Rondebosch, South Africa aut Bird pollination in South African species of Satyrium ( Orchidaceae ) [Elektronische Daten] [S. Johnson] Field observations showed that three South African orchid species,Satyrium carneum, S. coriifolium andS. princeps, are pollinated by sunbirds. Foraging sunbirds insert their bills into the labellum chamber of the flowers and suck nectar from the labellum spurs with their tongues. The column overarches the entrance to the labellum and pollinaria become affixed to the upper mandible of the bill. Birds often attempt to remove pollinaria by rubbing their bills against a branch, but are mostly unsuccessful due to the large plate-like viscidia which attach the pollinaria very firmly to the bill. Other modifications for bird pollination in theseSatyrium species may include the red, carmine or orange colour of the flowers, sturdy inflorescence stems used for perching and large amounts of dilute nectar in the spurs. EachSatyrium species was pollinated by several species of sunbird, and despite some differences in flowering time, occasional hybrids occur at a site whereS. carneum andS. coriifolium share the same sunbird pollinators. Springer-Verlag, 1996 Orchidaceae nationallicence Satyrium nationallicence Nectarinia nationallicence Pollination nationallicence ornithophily nationallicence nectar nationallicence Flora of southern Africa nationallicence Plant Systematics and Evolution Springer-Verlag 203/1-2(1996-03-01), 91-98 0378-2697 203:1-2<91 1996 203 606 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00985239 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00985239 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Johnson S. Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, 7700, Rondebosch, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant Systematics and Evolution Springer-Verlag 203/1-2(1996-03-01), 91-98 0378-2697 203:1-2<91 1996 203 606 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer