caa a22 4500 477054854 CHVBK 20180405111345.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02592350 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02592350 Romagnani S. Istituto di Medicina Interna e Immunoallergologia, Università di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 85, I-50134, Florence, Italy aut Development of th 1- or th 2-dominated immune responses: what about the polarizing signals? [Elektronische Daten] [S. Romagnani] Type 1 helper T cells and type 2 helper T cells represent two extremely polarized forms of the effector specific immune response, based on a distinctive profile of cytokine production. Type 1- and type 2 helper T cell-dominated immune responses play a different role in both protection and immunopathology. The differentiation of effector phenotypes depends on a complex matrix of inter-connecting factors resulting from the evolutionary interplay between vertebrates and microorganisms. These include the physical form of the antigen, as well as the density and affinity of the peptide ligand, the cytokines produced by "natural” immunity cells at the time of antigen presentation, costimulatory signals provided by antigen-presenting cells, and hormones released into the microen-vironment. The elucidation of genetic and environmental factors that regulate type 1 or type 2 helper T cell development in response to different antigenic stimulation is the basis for new immunotherapeutic strategies in allergic and autoimmune disorders, as well as for the improvement of vaccines. Springer-Verlag, 1996 Type 1 helper T cells nationallicence Type 2 helper T cells nationallicence Cytokines nationallicence International Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research Springer-Verlag 26/2(1996-07-01), 83-98 0940-5437 26:2<83 1996 26 599 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02592350 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02592350 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Romagnani S. Istituto di Medicina Interna e Immunoallergologia, Università di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 85, I-50134, Florence, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research Springer-Verlag 26/2(1996-07-01), 83-98 0940-5437 26:2<83 1996 26 599 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer