caa a22 4500 477056350 CHVBK 20180405111347.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19961201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s002280050205 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s002280050205 Absorption rate of methylxanthines following capsules, cola and chocolate [Elektronische Daten] [G. K. Mumford, N. L. Benowitz, S. M. Evans, B. J. Kaminski, K. L. Preston, C. A. Sannerud, K. Silverman, R. R. Griffiths] Objective: To compare caffeine and theobromine absorption after oral administration of capsules, cola beverage and chocolate candy. Methods: Three males and four females who abstained from methylxanthines received five methylxanthine-containing treatments: caffeine in capsules (72 mg), administered twice; theobromine in capsules (370 mg); cola beverage (72 mg caffeine) and chocolate candy (72 mg caffeine and 370 mg theobromine). Plasma methylxanthine levels were assayed from samples collected before and 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 h after caffeine capsule and cola treatments and, additionally, at 4.0 and 6.0 h after theobromine capsule and chocolate treatments. Results: Caffeine plasma concentrations increased rapidly and peaked at approximately 30 min following both capsule treatments 1 (Cmax: 1.93 μg ⋅ ml−1); and 2 (Cmax: 2.05 μg ⋅ ml−1). Relative to capsules, caffeine absorption from cola and chocolate was delayed and produced lower maximum caffeine plasma concentrations which peaked 1.5-2.0 h after treatment (For cola, Cmax: 1.57 μg ⋅ ml−1); and for chocolate, Cmax: 1.50 μg ⋅ ml−1. Theobromine plasma concentrations peaked approximately 3 h after capsule administration (Cmax: 6.72 μg ⋅ ml−1). Relative to capsules, theobromine absorption from chocolate was more rapid and produced higher maximum theobromine plasma concentrations which peaked approximately 2 h after treatment (Cmax: 8.05 μg ⋅ ml−1). Conclusions: The results suggest that a usual dietary portion of the cola or chocolate used in this study would produce behaviorally discriminable plasma levels of caffeine in most subjects and of theobromine in at least one subject. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1996 Key words Caffeine nationallicence Cocoa nationallicence Chocolate nationallicence Theobromine nationallicence methylxanthines nationallicence absorption nationallicence humans nationallicence Mumford G. K. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut Benowitz N. L. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Bldg. 30, 5th Floor, 1001 Portrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA, US aut Evans S. M. Clinical Pharmacology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, P.O. Box 5180 Baltimore, Md 21224, USA, TP aut Kaminski B. J. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut Preston K. L. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut Sannerud C. A. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut Silverman K. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut Griffiths R. R. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut https://doi.org/10.1007/s002280050205 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002280050205 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mumford G. K. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Benowitz N. L. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Bldg. 30, 5th Floor, 1001 Portrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA, US aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Evans S. M. Clinical Pharmacology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, P.O. Box 5180 Baltimore, Md 21224, USA, TP aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kaminski B. J. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Preston K. L. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sannerud C. A. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Silverman K. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Griffiths R. R. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, TP aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer