caa a22 4500 477057888 CHVBK 20180405111351.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00195928 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00195928 Cough due to ace inhibitors: a case-control study using automated general practice data [Elektronische Daten] [L. Visser, B. Stricker, A. Vlug, J. van der Lei] Objectives: To determine the risk of coughing as an adverse reaction to ACE inhibitors under everyday circumstances in a large population, and to study whether this adverse effect was duration or dose dependent. Design: A population-based case-control study. Setting: Ten general practices of 14 Dutch general practitioners (GP), in which all consultations, morbidity and medical interventions, including drugs prescribed, were registered over the 18 month period from 1st September, 1992 to 1st March, 1994. Subjects: 1458 patients with incident coughing and up to four controls per case were obtained (total 4182 controls), matched for GP. All cases and controls were 20 years or older and had no record of respiratory infection, influenza, tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, congestive heart failure, sinusitis, laryngitis, haemoptysis or respiratory neoplasms during the study period. Results: Cases were 2.1-times more likely than controls to have been exposed to ACE inhibitors (95% CI 1.5-3.1), but after adjustment the odds ratio was 1.4 (95% CI 0.9-2.1). The crude odds ratio for captopril was 1.3 (95% CI 0.7-2.5), for enalapril 2.6 (95% CI 1.6-4.2) and for lisinopril 2.0 (95% CI 0.5-9.3). The adjusted odds ratio for captopril was 0.9 (95% CI 0.4-1.7), for enalapril 1.7 (95% CI 1.03-2.8) and for lisinopril 1.7 (95% CI 0.4-7.9). For patients who had been on ACE inhibitor treatment for no longer than 2 months the odds ratio was 4.8 (95% CI 1.7-13.3). The odds ratio declined to 2.0 (95% CI 1.1-3.8) for those who had taken an ACE inhibitor for 2-6 months, and to 1.6 (95% CI 0.9-2.7) for those on ACE-inhibitors for more than 6 months. Conclusion: The risk of coughing was increased twofold among ACE inhibitor users, but the odds ratios were no longer significant after controlling for several confounding factors. The risk of developing cough due to ACE-inhibitors declines with the duration of treatment, possibly due to depletion of susceptible persons. Springer-Verlag, 1996 ACE inhibitors nationallicence cough nationallicence epidemiological study nationallicence general practice nationallicence Visser L. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, room Ee 2126 Dr. Molewaterplein 50, NL-3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut Stricker B. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, room Ee 2126 Dr. Molewaterplein 50, NL-3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut Vlug A. Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut van der Lei J. Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Springer-Verlag 49/6(1996-03-01), 439-444 0031-6970 49:6<439 1996 49 228 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195928 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195928 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Visser L. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, room Ee 2126 Dr. Molewaterplein 50, NL-3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stricker B. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, room Ee 2126 Dr. Molewaterplein 50, NL-3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vlug A. Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van der Lei J. Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Springer-Verlag 49/6(1996-03-01), 439-444 0031-6970 49:6<439 1996 49 228 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer