caa a22 4500 477073190 CHVBK 20180405111432.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02765804 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02765804 Hattingh V. Outspan Citrus Centre, Nelspruit 1200, PO Box 28, South Africa aut The use of insect growth regulators - implications for ipm with citrus in southern africa as an example [Elektronische Daten] [V. Hattingh] L'utilisation de régulateurs de croissance d'insectes et ses conséquences en termes de protection intégrée sur cultures d'agrumes en Afrique du Sud IGRs have been widely promoted as being ideal IPM compatible pesticides. A number of IGRs have been used extensively on citrus in southern Africa providing excellent control of some target pests. However, field experience has indicated that this has had considerable direct and indirect detrimental effects on IPM. Bioassays confirmed that some of the IGRs used are highly detrimental to certain coccinellid and hymenopteran biocontrol agents of economic importance. Field experience and bioassays have indicated extreme persistence and widespread contamination resulting from agricultural use of some of these products. This presents a serious obstacle to maximisation of biocontrol in IPM and the success of future biocontrol projects using IGR-sensitive species. It also gives rise to concern about potential environmental contamination. In conclusion the use of IGRs should not be considered advantageous to IPM without careful investigation of their potential non-target effects in the particular agro-ecosystem and appropriate consideration for non-target effects in the surrounding environment. Lavoisier Abonnements, 1996 IPM nationallicence IGRs nationallicence non-target effects nationallicence Entomophaga Springer Netherlands 41/3-4(1996-09-01), 513-518 0013-8959 41:3-4<513 1996 41 10526 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765804 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765804 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Hattingh V. Outspan Citrus Centre, Nelspruit 1200, PO Box 28, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Entomophaga Springer Netherlands 41/3-4(1996-09-01), 513-518 0013-8959 41:3-4<513 1996 41 10526 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer