caa a22 4500 477073204 CHVBK 20180405111432.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02765792 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02765792 Mahr D. Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut From researcher to farmer: The use of extension programs to transfer biological control technology in developed countries [Elektronische Daten] [D. Mahr] Du chercheur au cultivateur mise en place de programmes de vulgarisation pour le transfert de technologies en lutte biologique dans les pays industrialisés Effective use of biological control by the pest manager requires knowledge of the biologies of the pests and natural enemies, and their interactions with their environment and agronomic practices. Manufacturers provide information for products such as microbial pesticides and entomophagous arthropods used in augmentative biological control. However, information about process-oriented methods such as classical (importation) biological control and conservation of natural enemies is not often available to the farmer. Governmental extension programs are one method for providing practical biological control information, but availability in developed countries varies considerably. Examples of transfer of biological control information are provided for New Zealand, Canada, and Australia. In the United States, the Extension Service, a branch of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, provides partial funding and coordination for pest management educational programs conducted at the national, regional, state and local levels. In a twelve-state region of the North Central United States, university extension and research entomologists have developed a coordinated program to educate county extension personnel, farmers, and private consultants about the use of biological controls in pest management. The details of this model program are discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the educational constraints that must be overcome to successfully increase the adoption of biological control. Lavoisier Abonnements, 1996 technology transfer nationallicence farmer education nationallicence Extension Service nationallicence natural enemies nationallicence pest management policy nationallicence IPM nationallicence Entomophaga Springer Netherlands 41/3-4(1996-09-01), 387-404 0013-8959 41:3-4<387 1996 41 10526 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765792 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765792 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Mahr D. Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Entomophaga Springer Netherlands 41/3-4(1996-09-01), 387-404 0013-8959 41:3-4<387 1996 41 10526 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer