caa a22 4500 47707619X CHVBK 20180405111439.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19961201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02515729 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02515729 Yamamura Norio Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, 606-01, Kyoto, Japan aut Evolution of mutualistic symbiosis: A differential equation model [Elektronische Daten] [Norio Yamamura] In geological history, rapid speciation, called adaptive radiation, has occurred repeatedly. The origins of such newly developing taxa often evolved from the symbiosis of different species. Mutualistic symbioses are generally considered to evolve from parasitic relationships. As well as the previous model of host population with discrete generations, a differential equation model of host population with overlapping generations shows that vertical transmission, defined as the direct transfer of infection from a parent host to its progeny, is an important factor which can stimulate reduction of parasite virulence. Evolution of the vertical transmission rate from both points of view, the parasite and the host, is analyzed. There is a critical level of the rate, below which an evolutionary conflict arises (the parasite would want an increase in the rate while the host would not), and above which both species would correspond to increase the rate. Therefore, once the parasite dominates the evolutionary race so as to overcome this critical level, one-way evolution begins toward a highly mutualistic relationship with a high vertical transmission rate, possibly creating a new organism through symbiosis with perfect vertical transmission. Changes in other parameters may decrease the critical level, initiating one-way evolution. However, changes in traits, probably developed through a long interrelationship in parasitism, do not necessarily induce the evolution of mutualism. Establishment of the ability to make use of metabolic and digestive wastes from the partner certainly facilitates the evolution of mutualism, while improvements in reproductive efficiency of parasites and reduction of negative effects from exploitation in hosts on the contrary disturb mutualism. Society of Population Ecology, 1996 mutualistic symbiosis nationallicence vertical transmission nationallicence differential equation nationallicence conflict nationallicence mutual use of wastes nationallicence Researches on Population Ecology Springer-Verlag 38/2(1996-12-01), 211-218 0034-5466 38:2<211 1996 38 10144 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515729 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515729 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Yamamura Norio Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, 606-01, Kyoto, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Researches on Population Ecology Springer-Verlag 38/2(1996-12-01), 211-218 0034-5466 38:2<211 1996 38 10144 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer