caa a22 4500 47707622X CHVBK 20180405111439.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19961201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02515724 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02515724 Evolution and population dynamics in stochastic environments [Elektronische Daten] [Jin Yoshimura, Vincent Jansen] Inter-generational temporal variability of the environment is important in the evolution and adaptation of phenotypic traits. We discuss a population-dynamic approach which plays a central role in the analysis of evolutionary processes. The basic principle is that the phenotypes with the greatest long-term average growth rate will dominate the entire population. The calculation of longterm average growth rates for populations under temporal stochasticity can be highly cumbersome. However, for a discrete non-overlapping population, it is identical to the geometric mean of the growth rates (geometric mean fitness), which is usually different from the simple arithmetic mean of growth rates. Evolutionary outcomes based on geometric mean fitness are often very different from the predictions based on the usual arithmetic mean fitness. In this paper we illustrate the concept of geometric mean fitness in a few simple models. We discuss its implications for the adaptive evolution of phenotypes, e.g. foraging under predation risks and clutch size. Next, we present an application: the risk-spreading egg-laying behaviour of the cabbage white butterfly, and develop a two-patch population dynamic model to show how the optimal solution diverges from the ssual arithmetic mean approach. The dynamics of these stochastic models cannot be predicted from the dynamics of simple deterministic models. Thus the inclusion of stochastic factors in the analyses of populations is essential to the understanding of not only population dynamics, but also their evolutionary dynamics. Society of Population Ecology, 1996 stochastic environments nationallicence adaptation nationallicence geometric mean fitness nationallicence trade offs nationallicence games nationallicence extinction nationallicence Yoshimura Jin NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, SL5 7PY, Ascot, Berkshire, UK aut Jansen Vincent NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, SL5 7PY, Ascot, Berkshire, UK aut Researches on Population Ecology Springer-Verlag 38/2(1996-12-01), 165-182 0034-5466 38:2<165 1996 38 10144 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515724 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515724 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yoshimura Jin NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, SL5 7PY, Ascot, Berkshire, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jansen Vincent NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, SL5 7PY, Ascot, Berkshire, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Researches on Population Ecology Springer-Verlag 38/2(1996-12-01), 165-182 0034-5466 38:2<165 1996 38 10144 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer