caa a22 4500 477084036 CHVBK 20180405111457.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF01923989 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF01923989 Induction of vanadium accumulation and nuclear sequestration causing cell suicide in human Chang liver cells [Elektronische Daten] [K. Sit, R. Paramanantham, B. Bay, K. Wong, P. Thong, F. Watt] Very little is known about the modulation of vanadium accumulation in cells, although this ultratrace element has long been seen as an essential nutrient in lower life forms, but not necessarily in humans where factors modulating cellular uptake of vanadium seem unclear. Using nuclear microscopy, which is capable of the direct evaluation of free and bound (total) elemental concentrations of single cells we show here that an NH4Cl acidification prepulse causes distinctive accumulation of vanadium (free and bound) in human Chang liver cells, concentrating particularly in the nucleus. Vanadium loaded with acidification but leaked away with realkalinization, suggests proton-dependent loading. Vanadyl(4), the oxidative state of intracellular vanadium ions, is known to be a potent source of hydroxyl free radicals (OH.). The high oxidative state of nuclei after induction of vanadyl(4) loading was shown by the redox indicator methylene blue, suggesting direct oxidative damage to nuclear DNA. Flow cytometric evaluation of cell cycle phase-specific DNA composition showed degradation of both 2N and 4N DNA phases in G1, S and G2/M cell cycle profiles to a solitary 1N DNA peak, in a dose-dependent manner, effective from micromolar vanadyl(4) levels. This trend was reproduced with microccocal nuclease digestion in a time response, supporting the notion of DNA fragmentation effects. Several other approaches confirmed fragmentation occurring in virtually all cells after 4 mM V(4) loading. Ultrastructural profiles showed various stages of autophagic autodigestion and well defined plasma membrane outlines, consistent with programmed cell death but not with necrotic cell death. Direct intranuclear oxidative damage seemed associated with the induction of mass suicide in these human Chang liver cells following vanadium loading and nuclear sequestration. Birkhäuser Verlag Basel, 1996 Quantitation of intracellular vanadium (free and bound) nationallicence nuclear sequestration of vanadium nationallicence nuclear microscopy nationallicence cell cycle phase-specific evaluation of sub-2N DNA in flow cytometry nationallicence programmed cell death nationallicence autophagic autodigestion nationallicence Sit K. Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut Paramanantham R. Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut Bay B. Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut Wong K. Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut Thong P. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut Watt F. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut Experientia Birkhäuser-Verlag 52/8(1996-08-01), 778-785 0014-4754 52:8<778 1996 52 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01923989 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01923989 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sit K. Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Paramanantham R. Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bay B. Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wong K. Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thong P. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Watt F. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, (Singapore) aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Experientia Birkhäuser-Verlag 52/8(1996-08-01), 778-785 0014-4754 52:8<778 1996 52 18 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer