caa a22 4500 477095704 CHVBK 20180405111527.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00214704 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00214704 Macrophages during avian optic nerve development: relationship to cell death and differentiation into microglia [Elektronische Daten] [Amale Moujahid, Julio Navascués, José Marín-Teva, Miguel Cuadros] Cell death is frequent during the development of the nervous system. In the developing optic nerve of chicks and quails, neuroepithelial cell death was first observable on the third day of incubation, slightly after the first cell ganglion axons appeared in the stalk. Specialized phagocytes were observed within the stalk in chronological and topographical coincidence with cell death. These cells were identified as macrophages because of their morphological features, intense acid phosphatase activity and, in quail embryos, labeling with QH1, a monoclonal antibody recognizing quail hemangioblastic cells. Macrophages in areas of cell death were round and actively phagocytosed cell debris. We used electron microscopy and histochemical and immunocytochemical labeling to study macrophagic cells of the optic nerve in avian embryos of 3-6.5 days of incubation. As development proceeded, phagocytosing, round macrophages became ameboid macrophages that migrated from areas of cell death toward regions occupied by optic axonal fascicles. Macrophages in these locations were thin and elongated, with a few processes. To elucidate the final fate of macrophagic cells in the optic nerve, sections taken from older embryonic and hatched quails were stained with the QH1 antibody. On the 8th day of incubation some slightly ramified QH1+ cells were present among axonal fascicles. In subsequent stages these cells increased in number and acquired more complex ramifications. In adult optic nerves, QH1+ cells had a small body and sent out slender processes, sometimes with secondary and tertiary branches, which were frequently orientated parallel to the course of the optic axons. These cells were considered to be microglial cells. The appearance of macrophages within the developing optic nerve at the same time as neuroepithelial cell death suggests that cell death influences the recruitment of macrophages into the nerve. When macrophages reach the areas invaded by optic axonal fascicles, they undergo structural and probably also physiological changes that appear to signal differentiation into microglia. Springer-Verlag, 1996 Macrophage nationallicence Microglia nationallicence Cell death nationallicence Chick optic nerve nationallicence Quail optic nerve nationallicence Moujahid Amale Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain aut Navascués Julio Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain aut Marín-Teva José Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain aut Cuadros Miguel Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain aut Anatomy and Embryology Springer-Verlag 193/2(1996-02-01), 131-144 0340-2061 193:2<131 1996 193 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00214704 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00214704 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moujahid Amale Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Navascués Julio Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Marín-Teva José Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cuadros Miguel Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Anatomy and Embryology Springer-Verlag 193/2(1996-02-01), 131-144 0340-2061 193:2<131 1996 193 429 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer