caa a22 4500 477095976 CHVBK 20180405111527.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00187140 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00187140 Experimental study on the significance of abnormal cardiac looping for the development of cardiovascular anomalies in neural crest-ablated chick embryos [Elektronische Daten] [Jörg Männer, Wolfgang Seidl, Gerd Steding] During normal development, ectomesenchyme from the cardiac neural crest migrates to pharyngeal arches 3, 4, 6 and the developing heart. It participates in the formation of the aorticopulmonary septum and the wall of the great arteries. Removal of the cardiac neural crest resulted in anomalies of the great arteries and in two categories of severe heart defects: (1) outflow septation defects of the persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) type, (2) alignment defects. It has been hypothesized that PTA occurs if the number of cardiac neural crest cells is reduced below a level critical for complete formation of the aorticopulmonary septum. Alignment defects would be indirect consequences of neural crest defects, possibly caused by altered blood flow in the pharyngeal arch region. We found that these concepts were not in agreement with some experimental facts reported previously, so we considered whether there could be other mechanisms responsible for the heart defects described. To investigate whether mechanical interference with cardiac looping could possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of these anomalies, we removed the entire cardiac neural crest in chick embryos with microneedles. Postoperative development was checked during cardiac looping and after normal completion of cardiac septation. Our data suggested that abnormal cardiac looping did not contribute to the pathogenesis of the aortic arch artery anomalies and PTA. With respect to the alignment heart defects, we could not elucidate the role of looping anomalies because we did not observe such heart defects. Moreover, PTA occurred only in 28% of survivors. This finding conflicts with previous studies where extensive ablation of the cardiac neural crest has led to a high incidence of PTA (73-100% of survivors). The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. It is shown that the use of different microsurgical techniques (mechanical cutting/microcautery) may be responsible for the different incidence of PTA. We speculate that microcautery hampers a normal complete repair of neural crest defects, possibly by release of abnormally high levels of growth factors. Springer-Verlag, 1996 Cardiac neural crest nationallicence Ablation nationallicence Regulation nationallicence Microsurgical techniques nationallicence Heart defects nationallicence Männer Jörg Abteilung Embryologie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany aut Seidl Wolfgang Abteilung Embryologie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany aut Steding Gerd Abteilung Embryologie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany aut Anatomy and Embryology Springer-Verlag 194/3(1996-09-01), 289-300 0340-2061 194:3<289 1996 194 429 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00187140 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00187140 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Männer Jörg Abteilung Embryologie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Seidl Wolfgang Abteilung Embryologie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Steding Gerd Abteilung Embryologie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Anatomy and Embryology Springer-Verlag 194/3(1996-09-01), 289-300 0340-2061 194:3<289 1996 194 429 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer