caa a22 4500 477112064 CHVBK 20180405111612.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00029059 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00029059 Deep soil heterogeneity and fine root distribution in forests and pastures of eastern Amazonia [Elektronische Daten] [Katia Carvalheiro, Daniel Nepstad] Little is known about deep soil heterogeneity, or its relationship with fine root distribution. Beneath a mature, closed-canopy forest of eastern Amazonia, and the pastures and secondary forests that are derived from this forest, soil soft spots and hollow chambers occur to at least 9 meters depth. We measured the vertical distribution of these soil patches, and compared chemical characteristics, mycorrhizal infection, and root density of soil soft spots with the surrounding matrix of more homogeneous soil. Soil soft spots and chambers varied little with depth, but occupied the greatest soil volume (0.8 to 1.2%) from 4 to 6 m depth in the mature forest. Soft spots had lower pH, P availability and arbuscular mycorrhizal infection, and higher K availability than surrounding soil. Root length density was 2 to 15 times higher in soft spots than in surrounding soil. In the pastures, roots were found only in soil soft spots at depths of >3 m. Pastures and secondary forest had more soil chambers in the upper meter of soil than mature forest, but were otherwise indistinguishable in their patterns of deep soil heterogeneity. Soil soft spots may be vestiges of cutter ant nest chambers, while hollow chambers are cutter ant chambers and root channels. Chambers may act as conduits for root penetration and water penetration to deep soil. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 deep soil rooting nationallicence deforestation nationallicence mycorrhizae nationallicence nutrients nationallicence pasture nationallicence penetration resistance nationallicence soil fauna nationallicence soil soft spots/chambers nationallicence AM : arbuscular mycorrhizae nationallicence RLD : root length density (root length per unit of soil volume) nationallicence Carvalheiro Katia Convênio Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Woods Hole Research Center, C.P. 48, CEP 66.001, Belém, Pará, Brasil aut Nepstad Daniel Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, 02543, Woods Hole, MA, USA aut Plant and Soil Kluwer Academic Publishers; gopher://gopher.wkap.nl 182/2(1996-05-01), 279-285 0032-079X 182:2<279 1996 182 11104 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029059 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029059 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Carvalheiro Katia Convênio Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Woods Hole Research Center, C.P. 48, CEP 66.001, Belém, Pará, Brasil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nepstad Daniel Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, 02543, Woods Hole, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant and Soil Kluwer Academic Publishers; gopher://gopher.wkap.nl/ 182/2(1996-05-01), 279-285 0032-079X 182:2<279 1996 182 11104 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer