caa a22 4500 477116566 CHVBK 20180405111624.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19961101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00000503 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00000503 Shoaling enhances cadmium avoidance by lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis [Elektronische Daten] [Richard McNicol, Eberhard Scherer, John Gee] Synopsis: We compared the behavioural responses of solitary and shoaling lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, to Cd solutions, testing the hypothesis that fish are more responsive to contaminant gradients when in a shoal than when alone. The movements of individual fish were tracked in a countercurrent-type trough with clean water on one side, and water containing sequentially increasing Cd concentrations (0.2-125 μg l−1) on the other; the tracked fish was either alone, or within a shoal of four fish. We quantified a number of parameters derived from elements of locomotor behaviour and spatial selection (including the percent-time spent on the Cd-treated side) as potential indicators of response. Individuals in shoals responded to Cd more strongly and at lower concentrations than did solitary fish. While this was indicated by stronger avoidance of Cd, other response measures associated with escape behaviour illustrated this difference more clearly. Our results suggest that the social influence of shoaling enhances a fish's ability to respond to the presence of contaminants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 Schooling behaviour nationallicence Fish nationallicence Salmonid nationallicence Contaminants nationallicence McNicol Richard Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Central and Arctic Region, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, R3T 2N6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada aut Scherer Eberhard Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Central and Arctic Region, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, R3T 2N6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada aut Gee John Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada aut Environmental Biology of Fishes Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 47/3(1996-11-01), 311-319 0378-1909 47:3<311 1996 47 10641 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000503 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000503 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McNicol Richard Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Central and Arctic Region, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, R3T 2N6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scherer Eberhard Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Central and Arctic Region, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, R3T 2N6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gee John Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Biology of Fishes Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl/ 47/3(1996-11-01), 311-319 0378-1909 47:3<311 1996 47 10641 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer