caa a22 4500 477116620 CHVBK 20180405111624.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19961201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00005049 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00005049 Polygynandry in Pseudotropheus zebra , a cichlid fish from Lake Malawi [Elektronische Daten] [Alex Parker, Irv Kornfield] Synopsis: Parental care in the Malawian cichlid fishPseudotropheus zebra ‘BB' is extensive and exclusively maternal; males contribute only genetic material. The costs of searching for multiple mates (in this case risk of predation on orally incubated eggs) suggested that females should be monandrous; microsatellite genetypes of seven brooding females and their young, however, reveal extensive multiple paternity in this species, with a mean of 3.8 paternal individuals per brood. Polygynandry inP. zebra is probably not maintained by selection for genetically diverse offspring; potential explanations include avoidance of inbreeding, and bet-hedging on other male characteristics that females are unable to evaluate when selecting a mate. The observed degree of multiple paternity strongly suggests that females are free to choose mates as they will, a prerequisite of many theories positing sexual selection as a key element in Malawi chichlid evolution. It should also result in elevation of effective population sizes, and thus be antagonistic to runaway evolution of male secondary sexual characteristics, but not necessarily to other modes of sexual selection. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 Microsatellites nationallicence Paternity nationallicence Bet-hedging nationallicence Sexual selection nationallicence Parker Alex Department of Zoology and Center for Marine Studies, University of Maine, 04469-5751, Orono, ME, U.S.A. aut Kornfield Irv Department of Zoology and Center for Marine Studies, University of Maine, 04469-5751, Orono, ME, U.S.A. aut Environmental Biology of Fishes Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 47/4(1996-12-01), 345-352 0378-1909 47:4<345 1996 47 10641 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005049 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005049 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Parker Alex Department of Zoology and Center for Marine Studies, University of Maine, 04469-5751, Orono, ME, U.S.A aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kornfield Irv Department of Zoology and Center for Marine Studies, University of Maine, 04469-5751, Orono, ME, U.S.A aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Biology of Fishes Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl/ 47/4(1996-12-01), 345-352 0378-1909 47:4<345 1996 47 10641 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer