caa a22 4500 477116701 CHVBK 20180405111624.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19961201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00005050 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00005050 The social and mating system of the herbivorous reef fish Sparisoma viride [Elektronische Daten] one-male versus multi-male groups [Jules van Rooij, Frederieke Kroon, John Videler] Synopsis: We present a detailed description of the social and mating system of the protogynous reef herbivoreSparisoma viride at the fringing reef of Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles). Initial phase (IP) fish and terminal phase (TP) males occur either in one- or in multi-male groups, which are compared quantitatively with respect to the use of space, size composition, social interactions and sexual activity. One-male groups consist of one TP male plus 1-14 IP females, whereas in multi-male groups up to 14 TP males and about twice as many IP fish share a common home range. The two social units further show marked differences in vertical distribution (one-male groups are restricted to depths between 3 and 22 m, multi-male groups mainly residing < 3 m), size composition (a larger proportion of small adults live in multi-male groups), size and stability of the range (larger in one-male groups) and sexual activity (daily spawning of one-male group members inside their normal home range; no activity in multi-male groups on the shallow reef). Sexual activity occurred daily, throughout the year, with no evidence for tidal tracking or major seasonal or lunar patterns. The one-male groups constitute less than 20% of the adult stock but control up to 77% of the inhabited reef. As a result they have access to higher-yield food patches and to suitable spawning sites inside their home range. Although members of both units appear to defend their common home range against intruding conspecifics, the degree of territoriality is clearly higher in one-male groups. We discuss the relative importance of food, shelter, mates and mating sites as defended resources and some life history implications. The complex social and mating system ofS. viride shows much resemblance to that of another Caribbean scarid,Scarus iserti. This complexity seems to reflect the capacity of individuals to flexibly adapt their feeding, mating and life history styles to an unpredictable environment. We propose thatS. viride is a good study animal to test adaptive explanations for its territorial organization and complex life history patterns. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 Use of space nationallicence Territoriality nationallicence Reproduction nationallicence Resource defence nationallicence Life history style nationallicence Timing of spawning nationallicence Scaridae nationallicence Coral reef nationallicence van Rooij Jules Department of Marine Biology, University of Groningen, P. O. Box 14, 9750, AA Haren, The Netherlands aut Kroon Frederieke Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, V6T1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada aut Videler John Department of Marine Biology, University of Groningen, P. O. Box 14, 9750, AA Haren, The Netherlands aut Environmental Biology of Fishes Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 47/4(1996-12-01), 353-378 0378-1909 47:4<353 1996 47 10641 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005050 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005050 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van Rooij Jules Department of Marine Biology, University of Groningen, P. O. Box 14, 9750, AA Haren, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kroon Frederieke Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, V6T1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Videler John Department of Marine Biology, University of Groningen, P. O. Box 14, 9750, AA Haren, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Biology of Fishes Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl/ 47/4(1996-12-01), 353-378 0378-1909 47:4<353 1996 47 10641 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer