caa a22 4500 477120709 CHVBK 20180405111636.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00408670 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00408670 Elucidating molecular mechanisms of septic cardiomyopathy — the cardiomyocyte model [Elektronische Daten] [Karl Werdan, Ursula Müller-Werdan] In the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of sepsis and septic shock the heart is one of the organs subject to failure. Many new insights into the mechanisms underlying septic cardiomyopathy were gained in the last years. Experimental work with neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes considerably contributed to this progress, facilitating the documentation of direct attenuation of the contractions of the heart muscle cell by toxins and mediators, as well as investigating the underlying cellular mechanisms. With this respect, contractile-depressant effects have been found in cardiomyocytes for many toxins and sepsis mediators, with endotoxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin A, tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin-1 and nitric oxide being the most relevant ones identified. These substances interfere at clinically relevant concentrations with several main inotropic axes, not only with the β-adrenoceptor/adenylyl cyclase and with the NO-cGMP-system — on which most of the interest is focused at present — but also with the α1-adrenoceptor/phosphoinositide pathway and the Ca2+ homeostasis of the cardiomyocyte, the latter representing the common final inotropic pathway. Not a single cardiodepressant factor, but more likely a total bunch of toxins and mediators with different attack mechanisms seem to contribute to the picture of septic cardiomyopathy. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 septic cardiomyopathy nationallicence cardiomyocyte nationallicence endotoxin nationallicence nitric oxide nationallicence tumor necrosis factor α nationallicence cardiodepressant factor (CDF) nationallicence Werdan Karl Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Medicine, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany aut Müller-Werdan Ursula Department of Medicine III, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany aut Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 163-164/1(1996-03-01), 291-303 0300-8177 163-164:1<291 1996 163-164 11010 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408670 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408670 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Werdan Karl Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Medicine, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Müller-Werdan Ursula Department of Medicine III, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 163-164/1(1996-03-01), 291-303 0300-8177 163-164:1<291 1996 163-164 11010 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer