caa a22 4500 477125662 CHVBK 20180405111648.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19970101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1012099216060 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1012099216060 In Vitro Human Skin Barrier Modulation by Fatty Acids: Skin Permeation and Thermal Analysis Studies [Elektronische Daten] [Hanafi Tanojo, Joke Bouwstra, Hans Junginger, Harry Boddé] Purpose. This study aims to elucidate the skin permeation enhancement and the skin perturbation effects of a number of fatty acids, i.e. straight-chain saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated acids (PUFA). Methods. The skin permeation enhancement effects were studied using human stratum corneum (SC) and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a model permeant. The fatty acids in propylene glycol (FA/PG) were applied according to a pre-treatment/co-treatment protocol. The perturbation effects were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) on SC after pretreatment with FA/PG. Results. SFA with 6 to 12 carbons exhibit a parabolic correlation between enhancement effect and chain-length, with a maximum at nonanoic-decanoic acids (with 9 and 10 carbons). Nonanoic and decanoic acids exert barely noticeable effects on the thermal behaviour of SC, suggesting that they easily mix with the skin lipids. All cis-6-, 9-, 11- or 13-octadecenoic acids (MUFA) enhance the permeation of PABA to the same extent. DTA revealed that the cis-9- and 13-isomers form a separate domain containing mostly the pure fatty acids within the SC lipids and suppress the lipid transitions at 70°/80°C. PUFA—linoleic (LA), α-linolenic (ALA) and arachidonic acids—enhance PABA permeation stronger than MUFA but additional double bonds do not further increase the degree of enhancement. LA and ALA form separate domains but do not completely suppress the SC lipid transitions at 70°/ 80°C. Increase in the enthalpy changes of 70°/80° transitions linearly correlates to the decrease in the permeability coefficients, suggesting that an increased perturbation of the skin lipids not necessarily has to yield an increased PABA permeation. Conclusions. The enhancement effects of fatty acids on the PABA penetration through SC are structure-dependent, associated with the existence of a balance between the permeability of pure fatty acids across SC and the interaction of the acids to skin lipids. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1997 fatty acid nationallicence skin permeation enhancement nationallicence diffusion study nationallicence differential thermal analysis nationallicence Tanojo Hanafi Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands aut Bouwstra Joke Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands aut Junginger Hans Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands aut Boddé Harry Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands aut Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/1(1997-01-01), 42-49 0724-8741 14:1<42 1997 14 11095 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012099216060 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012099216060 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tanojo Hanafi Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bouwstra Joke Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Junginger Hans Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Boddé Harry Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/1(1997-01-01), 42-49 0724-8741 14:1<42 1997 14 11095 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer