caa a22 4500 477126898 CHVBK 20180405111652.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19970301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1012029517394 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1012029517394 Florence Alexander Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, WC1N 1AX, London, United Kingdom aut The Oral Absorption of Micro- and Nanoparticulates: Neither Exceptional Nor Unusual [Elektronische Daten] [Alexander Florence] This mini-review covers some of the historical and recent arguments over the experimental evidence on the uptake by and translocation from the intestinal mucosa of microparticulates after oral administration. It is concluded that there is now no dispute over the fact that this is a normal occurrence. Particulate uptake does take place, not only via the M-cells in the Peyer's patches and the isolated follicles of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, but also via the normal intestinal enterocytes. Factors affecting uptake include particle size, surface charge and hydrophobicity and the presence or absence of surface ligands. The covalent attachment of lectin or invasin molecules to the surface of carrier particles leads to greater systemic uptake. Whether or not the route can be utilized for the routine administration of therapeutic agents which are not normally absorbed from the gut is not yet proven. Many studies show that 2−3% of the ingested dose of submicron particles can be absorbed. The increasing diversity of carrier systems, which includes dendrimers and liposomes, needs to be exploited fully. More also must be learned about the inter- and intra-subject variability of lymphoid tissue so that appropriate selectivity can be achieved through the design of specific carriers. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1997 microparticles nationallicence Peyer's patches nationallicence GALT nationallicence particle absorption nationallicence oral delivery nationallicence lymphatics nationallicence Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/3(1997-03-01), 259-266 0724-8741 14:3<259 1997 14 11095 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012029517394 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012029517394 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Florence Alexander Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, WC1N 1AX, London, United Kingdom aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/3(1997-03-01), 259-266 0724-8741 14:3<259 1997 14 11095 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer