caa a22 4500 477127584 CHVBK 20180405111654.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19970401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1012107801889 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1012107801889 Characterization of Fluids from the Stomach and Proximal Jejunum in Men and Women [Elektronische Daten] [Anders Lindahl, Anna-Lena Ungell, Lars Knutson, Hans Lennernäs] Purpose. To chemically characterize the fluids available for drug dissolution in the upper gastrointestinal tract during the fasted state in humans, and to examine variations and potential gender differences regarding the physico-chemical properties of these fluids. Methods. Twenty-four healthy volunteers, 12 females and 12 males, were intubated, and fluids from the stomach and upper jejunum were collected separately. Bulk pH, osmolality, electrolytes and total concentrations of bile acids and proteins were assessed. To study intraindividual variations, eleven of the individuals were studied on more than one occasion. Results. The stomach and upper jejunal fluids varied significantly in all the measured entities, except the total concentration of proteins. The intraindividual variability was pronounced in some of the individuals, both in the stomach and the upper jejunum. We did not, however, observe any gender differences. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the complex nature of the fluids available for drug dissolution in the stomach and the upper small intestine in humans. The results can be used when designing a more physiological in vitro dissolution media representative for the fasted state. When designing such a medium, we suggest that gender differences not be taken into account. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1997 drug dissolution nationallicence gastrointestinal fluids nationallicence in vitro/in vivo correlation nationallicence variability nationallicence gender differences nationallicence absorption nationallicence Lindahl Anders Department of Pharmacy, Div. of Biopharm. and Pharmacokin., University of Uppsala, Box 580, Biomedical Center, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden aut Ungell Anna-Lena Drug Delivery Research, Pharmaceutical R&D, Astra Hässle AB, S-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden aut Knutson Lars Department of Surgery, University Hospital, S-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden aut Lennernäs Hans Department of Pharmacy, Div. of Biopharm. and Pharmacokin., University of Uppsala, Box 580, Biomedical Center, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden aut Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/4(1997-04-01), 497-502 0724-8741 14:4<497 1997 14 11095 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012107801889 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012107801889 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lindahl Anders Department of Pharmacy, Div. of Biopharm. and Pharmacokin., University of Uppsala, Box 580, Biomedical Center, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ungell Anna-Lena Drug Delivery Research, Pharmaceutical R&D, Astra Hässle AB, S-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Knutson Lars Department of Surgery, University Hospital, S-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lennernäs Hans Department of Pharmacy, Div. of Biopharm. and Pharmacokin., University of Uppsala, Box 580, Biomedical Center, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/4(1997-04-01), 497-502 0724-8741 14:4<497 1997 14 11095 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer