caa a22 4500 47712786X CHVBK 20180405111655.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19970501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1012161313701 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1012161313701 Macromolecules as Novel Transdermal Transport Enhancers for Skin Electroporation [Elektronische Daten] [Rita Vanbever, Mark Prausnitz, Véronique Préat] Purpose. Macromolecules were investigated as chemical enhancers of transdermal transport by skin electroporation. Although unable to enhance passive or iontophoretic transport, macromolecules are proposed to enhance electroporation-assisted delivery by stabilizing the increased permeability caused by high-voltage pulses. Methods. To test this hypothesis, we examined the timescale of transport, the influence of electrical protocol and the influence of macromolecule size, structure, and charge on enhancement of transdermal mannitol transport in vitro by heparin, dextran-sulfate, neutral dextran, and poly-lysine. Results. Skin electroporation increased transdermal mannitol delivery by approximately two orders of magnitude. The addition of macromolecules further increased transport up to five-fold, in support of the proposed hypothesis. Macromolecules present during pulsing enhanced mannitol transport after pulsing for hours, apparently by a macromolecule-skin interaction. No enhancement was observed during passive diffusion or low-voltage iontophoresis, suggesting that macromolecules interact specifically with transport pathways created at high voltage. Although all macromolecules studied enhanced transport, those with greater charge and size were more effective. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that macromolecules can be used as trandermal transport enhancers uniquely suited to skin electroporation. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1997 macromolecule nationallicence electroporation nationallicence iontophoresis nationallicence skin nationallicence permeation enhancer nationallicence transdermal transport nationallicence Vanbever Rita Unité de Pharmacie galénique, Ecole de Pharmacie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium aut Prausnitz Mark School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332, Atlanta, Georgia aut Préat Véronique Unité de Pharmacie galénique, Ecole de Pharmacie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium aut Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/5(1997-05-01), 638-644 0724-8741 14:5<638 1997 14 11095 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012161313701 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012161313701 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vanbever Rita Unité de Pharmacie galénique, Ecole de Pharmacie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Prausnitz Mark School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332, Atlanta, Georgia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Préat Véronique Unité de Pharmacie galénique, Ecole de Pharmacie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/5(1997-05-01), 638-644 0724-8741 14:5<638 1997 14 11095 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer