caa a22 4500 477128491 CHVBK 20180405111657.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19971101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1012118132241 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1012118132241 Tetrafluoroethane (RFC 134A) Propellant-Driven Aerosols of Proteins [Elektronische Daten] [Alan Brown, David George] Purpose. Develop metered-dose propellant-driven aerosols of proteins using tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134A) as propellant. Methods. Proteins were lyophilized with the propellant-soluble surfactants Triton X-100, Triton X-405, Laureth-9, Brij-30, Nonidet-40, and diethylene glycol monoethylether and then charged with propellants. Results. Small particle aerosols of the experimental protein bovine gamma globulin were produced. The fraction of aerosolized respirable-sized protein particles (<4−5 μm) increased after dispersion of particles in propellant with agitation by shaking. Scanning electron microscopy of respirable-sized protein aerosols demonstrated bead-like particles in grape-like clusters. Vigorous shaking of propellant-suspended particles for 2 minutes or more reduced the size of clusters and reduced the diameters of the protein-containing subparticles that constituted the clusters. A 50:50 ratio of HFC 134A and dimethylether (DME) propellants improved the respirability of protein aerosols compared to HFC 134A as the sole propellant. Protein/surfactant particles first dispersed in DME and then diluted in HFC 134A propellant most efficiently produced respirable-sized, propellant-driven, protein aerosols. Conclusions. Metered-dose aerosols of respirable-sized proteins can be generated using HFC 134A and HFC 134A:DME blended propellants as an alternative to nebulized aqueous aerosols for delivering peptide-based pharmaceuticals to the respiratory tract. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1997 propellant nationallicence aerosol nationallicence protein nationallicence tetrafluoroethane nationallicence Brown Alan Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, Kansas aut George David Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, Kansas aut Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/11(1997-11-01), 1542-1547 0724-8741 14:11<1542 1997 14 11095 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012118132241 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012118132241 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brown Alan Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, Kansas aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- George David Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, Kansas aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pharmaceutical Research Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 14/11(1997-11-01), 1542-1547 0724-8741 14:11<1542 1997 14 11095 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer