caa a22 4500 477128955 CHVBK 20180405111658.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19970501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1018457305212 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1018457305212 Hayes Richard Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA aut The carcinogenicity of metals in humans [Elektronische Daten] [Richard Hayes] Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between exposure to metals and cancer is reviewed. Human exposure to metals is common, with wide use in industry and long-term environmental persistence. Historically, the heaviest metal exposures occurred in the workplace or in environmental settings in close proximity to industrial sources. Among the general population, exposure to a number of metals is widespread but generally at substantially lower levels than have been found in industry. The carcinogenicity of arsenic, chromium, and nickel has been established. Occupational and environmental arsenic exposure is linked to increased lung cancer risk in humans, although experimental studies remain inconclusive. Experimental studies clearly demonstrate the malignant potential of hexavalent (VI) chromium compounds, with solubility being an important determining factor. Epidemiologic studies of workers in chromium chemical production and use link exposure to lung and nasal cancer. Experimental and epidemiologic data show that sparingly-soluble nickel compounds and possibly also the soluble compounds are carcinogens linked to lung and nasal cancer in humans. Some experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that lead may be a human carcinogen, but the evidence is inconclusive. Although epidemiologic data are less extensive for beryllium and cadmium, the findings in humans of excess cancer risk are supported by the clear demonstration of carcinogenicity in experimental studies. Other metals, including antimony and cobalt, maybe human carcinogens, but the experimental and epidemiologic data are limited. Chapman and Hall, 1997 Arsenic nationallicence beryllium nationallicence cadmium nationallicence cancer nationallicence chromium nationallicence lead nationallicence metals nationallicence nickel nationallicence Cancer Causes & Control Kluwer Academic Publishers 8/3(1997-05-01), 371-385 0957-5243 8:3<371 1997 8 10552 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018457305212 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018457305212 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Hayes Richard Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cancer Causes & Control Kluwer Academic Publishers 8/3(1997-05-01), 371-385 0957-5243 8:3<371 1997 8 10552 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer