caa a22 4500 477128971 CHVBK 20180405111658.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19970501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1018444902486 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1018444902486 Cantor Kenneth Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA aut Drinking water and cancer [Elektronische Daten] [Kenneth Cantor] Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between contaminants in drinking water and cancer is reviewed. The reviewed studies cover exposure to: disinfection byproducts; nitrate; arsenic and other metals; volatiles and contaminants from hazardous waste sites; asbestiform fibers; radionuclides; and fluoride. Most investigations are ecologic, with some confirmation of elevated risk from individual-based studies. In the case of waterborne arsenic, and possibly chlorination byproducts, there is a consistent but small body of epidemiologic evidence of an association with one or more types of cancer. Nitrate in groundwater has increased greatly over the years, and the demonstration of endogenous nitrosation among highly exposed subjects raises concern of elevated cancer risk. However, the epidemiologic data are not yet sufficient to draw a conclusion. There is a diversity of studies among populations exposed to water contaminated with pesticides, volatile organics, or mixtures from hazardous waste sites. Studies of asbestiform fibers and radionuclides in water are not conclusive, but there are suggested elevations of several cancer sites in highly exposed populations. There is no suggestion that fluoride in drinking water is linked with elevated risk of cancer. As topics for epidemiologic evaluation, drinking water contaminants pose methodologic problems common to studies designed to detect relatively small elevations in risk, with the added challenge of assessing exposures for many years in the past. Nevertheless, epidemiologic assessment is valuable and clearly warranted, given the potential public health impact of small risk elevations among very large exposed populations, and the limitations of toxicologic experiments in assessing carcinogenic risk of complex mixtures or of compounds for which appropriate animal models are not available. Chapman and Hall, 1997 Arsenic nationallicence asbestos nationallicence cancer nationallicence disinfection byproducts nationallicence drinking water nationallicence fluoride nationallicence nitrate nationallicence Cancer Causes & Control Kluwer Academic Publishers 8/3(1997-05-01), 292-308 0957-5243 8:3<292 1997 8 10552 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018444902486 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018444902486 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Cantor Kenneth Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cancer Causes & Control Kluwer Academic Publishers 8/3(1997-05-01), 292-308 0957-5243 8:3<292 1997 8 10552 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer