caa a22 4500 477135382 CHVBK 20180405111716.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19970501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1002922527795 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1002922527795 Genotype by environment effects and selection for drought tolerance in tropical maize. II. Three-mode pattern analysis [Elektronische Daten] [Scott Chapman, José Crossa, Kaye Basford, Pieter Kroonenberg] A selection program in three tropical maize populations aimed to improve tolerance of mid-season to late season drought environments while maintaining grain yield (GY) potential. The selection process employed other attributes that included maintaining a constant anthesis date (AD) and, under drought, shortening the anthesis-silking interval (ASI) and increasing ear number per plant (EPP). Three-mode (genotypes × environments × attributes) pattern analysis, which consists of clustering and ordination, should be able to collectively interpret these changes from ten evaluation trials. Mixture maximum likelihood clustering identified four groups that indicated the populations' performance had changed with selection. Groups containing the advanced cycles of selection were higher yielding in most environments and had lower ASI and higher EPP, particularly in drought environments. Check entries with no selection for drought tolerance remained grouped with the initial cycles of selection. A 3 × 2 × 3 (genotypes by environments by attributes) principal component model explained 70% of the variation. For the first environmental component, ASI was shown to be highly negatively correlated with both GY and EPP while anthesis date (AD) was virtually uncorrelated with other traits. The second environmental component (explaining 10% of the variation) contrasted droughted and well-watered environments and showed that EPP and GY were better indicators of this contrast (in terms of changes in population performance) than were AD or ASI. Three-mode analysis demonstrated that improvements with selection occurred in both droughted and well-watered environments and clearly summarised the overall success of the breeding program. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997 water stress nationallicence breeding nationallicence ordination nationallicence clustering nationallicence three-way analysis nationallicence Zea mays nationallicence corn nationallicence Chapman Scott International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Lisboa 27, Apartado Postal 6-641, 06600, México D.F., México aut Crossa José International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Lisboa 27, Apartado Postal 6-641, 06600, México D.F., México aut Basford Kaye Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia aut Kroonenberg Pieter Dept. of Education, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands aut Euphytica Kluwer Academic Publishers 95/1(1997-05-01), 11-20 0014-2336 95:1<11 1997 95 10681 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002922527795 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002922527795 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chapman Scott International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Lisboa 27, Apartado Postal 6-641, 06600, México D.F., México aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Crossa José International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Lisboa 27, Apartado Postal 6-641, 06600, México D.F., México aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Basford Kaye Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kroonenberg Pieter Dept. of Education, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Euphytica Kluwer Academic Publishers 95/1(1997-05-01), 11-20 0014-2336 95:1<11 1997 95 10681 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence SWISSBIB 477135366 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer