caa a22 4500 477136834 CHVBK 20180405111720.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19970601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1027366129277 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1027366129277 Reiss Karen Section of Ecology and Systematics, Corson Hall, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, New York aut Myology of the Feeding Apparatus of Myrmecophagid Anteaters (Xenarthra: Myrmecophagidae) [Elektronische Daten] [Karen Reiss] The musculoskeletal feeding apparatus of anteaters in the family Myrmecophagidae (Eutheria: Xenarthra) is described, compared among the three extant genera (Tamandua, Myrmecophaga, Cyclopes), and interpreted in a phylogenetic framework. Character polarities are assessed with reference to other xenarthrans, eutherians, and didelphid marsupials. Xenarthrans are widely regarded as basal eutherians, and this is reflected in the apparent retention of plesiomorphic character states in jaw and pharyngeal musculature. Jaw closing muscles are architecturally simple, the stylohyoideus is absent, the stylopharyngeus is robust and architecturally complex, and the superior pharyngeal constrictor is weak. At the same time, the highly specialized trophic ecology of myrmecophagids is reflected in derived features of the jaw, tongue, and palatal musculature. The sternomandibularis is present, the tongue is largely composed of a sternog-lossus with no attachments to the hyoid apparatus, other glossus muscles are modified and do not enter the tongue, and the mylohyoideus and stylopharyngeus contribute to the soft palate, while other palatal muscles vary among the myrmecophagid genera. Feeding apparatus mycology provides further support for myrmecophagid monophyly. Documentation of the morphological transformations that lead to the myrmecophagid condition is hampered by incomplete data on feeding apparatus structure in nonmyrmecophagid xenarthrans (sloths and armadillos) but a tentative character mapping onto an independently derived phylogeny is offered. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1997 Myrmecophagidae nationallicence Xenarthra nationallicence myrmecophagy nationallicence feeding apparatus nationallicence cranial muscles nationallicence Journal of Mammalian Evolution Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 4/2(1997-06-01), 87-117 1064-7554 4:2<87 1997 4 10914 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027366129277 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027366129277 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Reiss Karen Section of Ecology and Systematics, Corson Hall, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, New York aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Mammalian Evolution Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 4/2(1997-06-01), 87-117 1064-7554 4:2<87 1997 4 10914 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer