naa a22 4500 510724671 CHVBK 20180411082930.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11947-012-0895-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11947-012-0895-5 Investigating the Effects of Table Grape Package Components and Stacking on Airflow, Heat and Mass Transfer Using 3-D CFD Modelling [Elektronische Daten] [Mulugeta Delele, Mduduzi Ngcobo, Umezuruike Opara, Chris Meyer] The flow phenomenon during cooling and handling of packed table grapes was studied using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model and validated using experimental results. The effects of the packaging components (bunch carry bag and plastic liners) and box stacking on airflow, heat and mass transfer were analysed. The carton box was explicitly modelled, grape bunch with the carry bag was treated as a porous medium and perforated plastic liners were taken as a porous jump. Pressure loss coefficients of grape bunch with the carry bag and perforated plastic liners were determined using wind tunnel experiments. Compared with the cooling of bulk grape bunch, the presence of the carry bag increased the half and seven eighth cooling time by 61.09 and 97.34%, respectively. The addition of plastic liners over the bunch carry bag increased the half and seven eighth cooling time by up to 168.90 and 185.22%, respectively. Non-perforated liners were most effective in preventing moisture loss but also generated the highest condensation of water vapour inside the package. For perforated plastic liners, cooling with a high relative humidity (RH) air minimised fruit moisture loss. Partial cooling of the grape bunch inside the carry bag before covering it with a non-perforated plastic liner maintained the required high RH inside the package without condensation. The stacking of packages over the pallet affected the airflow pattern, the cooling rate and moisture transfer. There was a good agreement between measured and predicted results. The result demonstrated clearly the applicability of CFD models to determine optimum table grape packaging and cooling procedures. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012 Table grape nationallicence Packaging nationallicence CFD nationallicence Airflow nationallicence Heat and mass transfer nationallicence Plastic liner nationallicence Delele Mulugeta Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut Ngcobo Mduduzi Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut Opara Umezuruike Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut Meyer Chris Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut Food and Bioprocess Technology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 6/9(2013-09-01), 2571-2585 1935-5130 6:9<2571 2013 6 11947 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0895-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 brief-communication jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0895-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Delele Mulugeta Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ngcobo Mduduzi Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Opara Umezuruike Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Meyer Chris Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Food and Bioprocess Technology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 6/9(2013-09-01), 2571-2585 1935-5130 6:9<2571 2013 6 11947 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer