naa a22 4500 510725384 CHVBK 20180411082933.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11947-012-0999-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11947-012-0999-y Novel Application of Neutron Radiography to Forced Convective Drying of Fruit Tissue [Elektronische Daten] [Thijs Defraeye, Wondwosen Aregawi, Saba Saneinejad, Peter Vontobel, Eberhard Lehmann, Jan Carmeliet, Pieter Verboven, Dominique Derome, Bart Nicolaï] Neutron imaging is a promising technique to study drying processes in food engineering as it is a non-intrusive, non-destructive technique, which provides quasi-real-time quantitative information of the water loss during drying and of the internal water distribution, at a high spatial and dynamic resolution. Particularly, the high sensitivity to water is its main advantage for drying studies, despite the limited accessibility to reactor facilities, which produce neutrons. This technique was used to investigate forced convective drying of fruit tissue (pear and apple), placed in a small wind tunnel. Water loss, water distribution in the sample and sample shrinkage were evaluated as a function of time. The water loss, determined quantitatively from neutron radiographs, was underestimated slightly compared to gravimetrical measurements. The overall drying behaviour agreed well with control measurements performed in a climatic chamber and was very similar for both fruit tissues. The corresponding shrinkage behaviour of both tissues was also similar. The large shrinkage, which is characteristic for soft biological materials such as food products, however, hindered post-processing to some extent. From the internal water distribution, the water gradients within the sample, induced by drying, were visualised and were found to predominantly occur at the air-material interface, indicating that the water transport inside the tissue dominated the water loss, instead of the convective exchange with the air flow. Neutron imaging was shown to exhibit unique benefits for studying drying processes of food. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2012 Non-destructive nationallicence Imaging nationallicence Apple nationallicence Pear nationallicence Water nationallicence Wind tunnel nationallicence Defraeye Thijs MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium aut Aregawi Wondwosen MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium aut Saneinejad Saba Chair of Building Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 15, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland aut Vontobel Peter Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5234, Villigen, Switzerland aut Lehmann Eberhard Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5234, Villigen, Switzerland aut Carmeliet Jan Chair of Building Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 15, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland aut Verboven Pieter MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium aut Derome Dominique Laboratory for Building Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland aut Nicolaï Bart MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium aut Food and Bioprocess Technology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 6/12(2013-12-01), 3353-3367 1935-5130 6:12<3353 2013 6 11947 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0999-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0999-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Defraeye Thijs MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aregawi Wondwosen MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Saneinejad Saba Chair of Building Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 15, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vontobel Peter Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5234, Villigen, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lehmann Eberhard Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5234, Villigen, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Carmeliet Jan Chair of Building Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 15, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Verboven Pieter MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Derome Dominique Laboratory for Building Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nicolaï Bart MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Food and Bioprocess Technology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 6/12(2013-12-01), 3353-3367 1935-5130 6:12<3353 2013 6 11947 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer