naa a22 4500 51072616X CHVBK 20180411082936.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11947-012-0848-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11947-012-0848-z Optimization of a Wall Material Formulation to Microencapsulate a Grape Seed Extract Using a Mixture Design of Experiments [Elektronische Daten] [Gabriel Davidov-Pardo, Iñigo Arozarena, María Marín-Arroyo] The microencapsulation by spray drying of a commercial grape seed extract (GSE) using maltodextrin (MD), mesquite gum (MG), and zein (Z) as wall materials was investigated. A mixture design of experiments (MDOE) with the three wall material components was used to find optimal wall material formulations. The parameters used to evaluate the microcapsules obtained were encapsulation efficiency (EE), encapsulation productivity (EP), release of the core material in water (RE Water), hygroscopicity (MH), and degree of caking (CD). Four optimal formulations were then selected and evaluated including antioxidant activity (AA), release of the core material at pH1, 4, 7, and 10, and in simulated gastric (GF) and intestinal fluid (IF), morphology and glass transition temperature (Tg). Microcapsules had a smooth surface with sizes ranging from 4 to 16μm, a Tg of 160 ± 1°C, and an AA of 1.90 ± 0.05 mmoles Trolox/g. The two formulations with the most optimal results were T3 (44% MG-56% Z) and T4 (34% MD-66% Z), with an EE of 85% and 82% and an EP of 98% and 99%, respectively. The release was between 50% to 52% for T3 and 52% to 55% for T4 at the different pHs. The RE in GF and IF were 70% and 63%, respectively, for T3, and 71% and 63% for T4; most of the release happened during the first hour. Both formulations protected the GSE from thermal degradation at temperatures up to 180°C. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012 Grape seed extract nationallicence Microencapsulation nationallicence Polyphenols nationallicence Zein nationallicence Mesquite gum nationallicence Spray drying nationallicence GSE : grape seed extract nationallicence MD : maltodextrin nationallicence MG : mesquite gum nationallicence Z : zein nationallicence EE : encapsulation efficiency nationallicence EP : encapsulation productivity nationallicence EY : encapsulation yield nationallicence RE : release nationallicence TE : total extract nationallicence SuE : superficial extract nationallicence MH : microcapsule hygroscopicity nationallicence CD : degree of caking nationallicence GF : simulated gastric fluid nationallicence IF : simulated intestinal fluid nationallicence Tg : glass transition temperature nationallicence CAT : (+)-catechin nationallicence EPI : (−)-epicatechin nationallicence AA : antioxidant activity nationallicence Davidov-Pardo Gabriel Food Technology Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain aut Arozarena Iñigo Food Technology Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain aut Marín-Arroyo María Food Technology Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain aut Food and Bioprocess Technology Springer-Verlag 6/4(2013-04-01), 941-951 1935-5130 6:4<941 2013 6 11947 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0848-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0848-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Davidov-Pardo Gabriel Food Technology Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Arozarena Iñigo Food Technology Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Marín-Arroyo María Food Technology Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Food and Bioprocess Technology Springer-Verlag 6/4(2013-04-01), 941-951 1935-5130 6:4<941 2013 6 11947 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer