naa a22 4500 510727107 CHVBK 20180411082939.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11947-012-0800-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11947-012-0800-2 Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Grape Seeds ( Vitis vinifera ) [Elektronische Daten] [Kiruba Krishnaswamy, Valérie Orsat, Yvan Gariépy, K. Thangavel] Grape seeds (Vitis vinifera) are rich in phytochemicals that have antioxidant properties. The influence of independent variables such as microwave power (100, 150, and 200W), extraction time (2, 4, and 6min), and solvent concentration (30%, 45%, and 60% ethanol) and their interactions on total phenols and the antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) were determined; and the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) process was optimized using a central composite design. The total phenols that were expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), catechin equivalents (CAT), and tannic acid equivalents (TAE) were significantly influenced by the solvent concentration and the time of extraction. A numerical optimization was carried out to obtain the overall conditions for MAE of phenolic antioxidants from grape seed. The response variables were maximized for 6min of MAE of grape seed (GS) with 32.6% ethanol at 121W with a desirability function of 0.947. The predicted extraction yields were 13 ± 0.89, 21.6 ± 1.59, and 15.9 ± 1.32mg GAE, CAT, and TAE, respectively per gram of GS. The predicted antioxidant activity per gram of dry weight GS was 80.9% for the inhibition of DPPH and 135μM ascorbic acid equivalents for FRAP test. The predicted response values were significantly correlated with the observed ones as follows: GAE r = 0.995, CAT r = 0.990, TAE r = 0.996, DPPH r = 0.996, and FRAP r = 0.996. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012 Gallic acid nationallicence Catechin nationallicence Tannic acid nationallicence Response surface methodology nationallicence Antioxidant activity nationallicence FRAP nationallicence DPPH nationallicence Krishnaswamy Kiruba Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111, Lakeshore Road, H9X3V9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada aut Orsat Valérie Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111, Lakeshore Road, H9X3V9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada aut Gariépy Yvan Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111, Lakeshore Road, H9X3V9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada aut Thangavel K. Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641003, Coimbatore, India aut Food and Bioprocess Technology Springer-Verlag 6/2(2013-02-01), 441-455 1935-5130 6:2<441 2013 6 11947 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0800-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0800-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Krishnaswamy Kiruba Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111, Lakeshore Road, H9X3V9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Orsat Valérie Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111, Lakeshore Road, H9X3V9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gariépy Yvan Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111, Lakeshore Road, H9X3V9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thangavel K. Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641003, Coimbatore, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Food and Bioprocess Technology Springer-Verlag 6/2(2013-02-01), 441-455 1935-5130 6:2<441 2013 6 11947 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer