naa a22 4500 510729703 CHVBK 20180411082948.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12671-012-0165-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12671-012-0165-7 Challenging the Construct Validity of Mindfulness Assessment—a Cognitive Interview Study of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory [Elektronische Daten] [Florian Belzer, Stefan Schmidt, Gabriele Lucius-Hoene, Johann Schneider, Claudia Orellana-Rios, Sebastian Sauer] The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) is a widely used questionnaire of self-reported mindfulness. However, doubts have been expressed as to whether an adequate comprehension of the items of the FMI is independent of one's mindfulness experience (ME). The aim of the present study was to determine with qualitative methods whether and how ME influences the response to the FMI items. Two groups, matched for gender, education, and age (N = 11 each), with and without mindfulness training, completed the FMI while at the same time applying the technique of thinking aloud. The protocols of the two samples were compared using three different strategies: (1) predefined criteria on the comprehension of each item developed by FMI experts, (2) a coding scheme developed to identify differences in specific cognitive processes, and (3) qualitative analysis of comprehension patterns. The results showed that (1) participants with ME fulfilled the item criteria for comprehension much more than participants without ME. (2) The coding scheme demonstrated greater comprehension difficulties in the sample without ME. Differences in judgment processes between groups could not be found. (3) Qualitative analysis revealed comprehension problem patterns especially for eight items for the comparison group. It is concluded that a modification of the wording of several FMI items is necessary and that there is insufficient construct validity to use the current FMI in mindfulness-naïve samples. This may also be true for other scales tapping into the assessment of the awareness component of mindfulness, and it is recommended to also check their construct validity. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2012 Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) nationallicence Construct validity nationallicence Think-aloud technique nationallicence Mindfulness assessment nationallicence Qualitative analysis nationallicence Mixed methods nationallicence Belzer Florian Center for Meditation, Mindfulness and Neuroscience Research, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher-Str. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany aut Schmidt Stefan Center for Meditation, Mindfulness and Neuroscience Research, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher-Str. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany aut Lucius-Hoene Gabriele Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany aut Schneider Johann Institute of Psychology, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany aut Orellana-Rios Claudia Center for Meditation, Mindfulness and Neuroscience Research, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher-Str. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany aut Sauer Sebastian Generation Research Program, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany aut Mindfulness Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/1(2013-03-01), 33-44 1868-8527 4:1<33 2013 4 12671 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0165-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0165-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Belzer Florian Center for Meditation, Mindfulness and Neuroscience Research, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher-Str. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schmidt Stefan Center for Meditation, Mindfulness and Neuroscience Research, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher-Str. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lucius-Hoene Gabriele Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schneider Johann Institute of Psychology, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Orellana-Rios Claudia Center for Meditation, Mindfulness and Neuroscience Research, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher-Str. 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sauer Sebastian Generation Research Program, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Mindfulness Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/1(2013-03-01), 33-44 1868-8527 4:1<33 2013 4 12671 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer