naa a22 4500 510731155 CHVBK 20180411082953.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11295-012-0571-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11295-012-0571-y Differences in acidity of apples are probably mainly caused by a malic acid transporter gene on LG16 [Elektronische Daten] [Sabaz Khan, Jules Beekwilder, Jan Schaart, Roland Mumm, Jose Soriano, Evert Jacobsen, Henk Schouten] Acidity has profound effects on the taste of apples (Malus × domestica). Malic acid is the predominant organic acid in apples. Differences in malic acid content are caused by differences in accumulation of malic acid in the vacuole. This accumulation may be caused by a gene that is responsible for transport of malic acid from the cytosol into the vacuole. Here, we provide evidence that a malic acid transporter gene at the top of chromosome 16 caused significant differences in malic acid concentration and pH of apples. The pH of apples in a segregating F1 population was mapped and at the pH locus (named henceforth Ma locus for malic acid), two putative malic acid transporter genes were detected. These genes show high homology to AtALMT genes that code for malate channel proteins located in vacuolar membrane in Arabidopsis. The expression of one of the candidate genes (Ma1) cosegregated clearly with malic acid content. The inheritance of at least one dominant allele of this gene sufficed for an increased expression level that likely caused the observed threefold increase of the malic acid concentration and the reduction of the pH from 4 to 3 in mature apples, compared to the presence of the recessive, lowly expressed allele only. Our results show that differences in fruit acidity were probably caused by differences in expression levels of alleles of a malic acid transporter gene. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012 Acidity nationallicence Apple nationallicence Malus × domestica nationallicence Malic acid transporter nationallicence Ma1 nationallicence pH nationallicence Khan Sabaz Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Beekwilder Jules Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Schaart Jan Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Mumm Roland Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Soriano Jose Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Jacobsen Evert Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Schouten Henk Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Tree Genetics & Genomes Springer-Verlag 9/2(2013-04-01), 475-487 1614-2942 9:2<475 2013 9 11295 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-012-0571-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-012-0571-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Khan Sabaz Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beekwilder Jules Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schaart Jan Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mumm Roland Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Soriano Jose Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jacobsen Evert Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schouten Henk Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Tree Genetics & Genomes Springer-Verlag 9/2(2013-04-01), 475-487 1614-2942 9:2<475 2013 9 11295 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer