naa a22 4500 51073538X CHVBK 20180411083008.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11904-013-0162-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11904-013-0162-z Clostridium Difficile Infection in Patients with HIV/AIDS [Elektronische Daten] [Paul Collini, Ed Kuijper, David Dockrell] Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) affects significant numbers of hospitalized patients and is an increasing problem in the community. It is also among the most commonly isolated pathogens in HIV patients with diarrheal illness and is ≥2 fold more common in HIV-seropositive individuals. This association is stronger in those with low absolute CD4 T cell counts or meeting clinical criteria for an AIDS diagnosis, and was most pronounced before the wide availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. The presentation and outcome of CDI in HIV appears similar to the general population. The increased risk can in part be attributed to increased hospitalization and antimicrobial use, but HIV related alterations in fecal microbiota, gut mucosal integrity, and humoral and cell mediated immunity are also likely to play a role. Here we review the evidence for these observations and the relevance of recent advances in the diagnosis and management of CDI for the HIV clinician. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 HIV nationallicence HIV/AIDS nationallicence Co-infections nationallicence C. difficile infection nationallicence Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) nationallicence Immunocompromise nationallicence Collini Paul Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield Medical School & Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Room LU108, L Floor, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK aut Kuijper Ed Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands aut Dockrell David Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield Medical School & Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Room K127, K Floor, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK aut Current HIV/AIDS Reports Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 10/3(2013-09-01), 273-282 1548-3568 10:3<273 2013 10 11904 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-013-0162-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-013-0162-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Collini Paul Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield Medical School & Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Room LU108, L Floor, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kuijper Ed Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dockrell David Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield Medical School & Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Room K127, K Floor, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Current HIV/AIDS Reports Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 10/3(2013-09-01), 273-282 1548-3568 10:3<273 2013 10 11904 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer