naa a22 4500 510738052 CHVBK 20180411083018.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11284-012-1007-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11284-012-1007-8 Among-population variation in resistance traits of a nettle and its relationship with deer habitat use frequency [Elektronische Daten] [Megumi Shikata, Teiko Kato, Ei'ich Shibata, Hiroaki Sato] Because leaf hairs serve as resistance against herbivores, among-population variation in hair production may arise from adaptation to local herbivore communities. It is possible that Japanese nettle (Urtica thunbergiana) shows among-population variation in stinging hair abundance that is associated with the frequency of habitat use by sika deer (Cervus nippon). We examined 31-32 individuals of each of 19 populations for leaf area, stinging hair number (/leaf) and stinging hair density (per square centimeter) in and away from Nara Park (6.6km2), where many deer have been protected for 1,200years. At each site we also measured deer habitat use frequency, light intensity and soil fertility as environmental factors potentially affecting leaf traits. We analyzed our hierarchical data at the levels of individuals and populations using multilevel structural equation modeling. Leaf area had a positive direct effect on stinging hair number at the individual level but no significant effect at the population level. At the population level, deer habitat use frequency had a negative direct effect on leaf area and positive direct effects on stinging hair number and density, generating a negative indirect correlation between leaf area and stinging hair number. Light intensity had a negative direct effect on leaf area, while soil fertility had no significant effect on any trait. These results suggest that the relationships between leaf area and stinging hair number at the two levels do not align. We discussed what processes were involved in the effects of environmental factors on leaf traits. The Ecological Society of Japan, 2012 Damage-induced response nationallicence Genetic difference nationallicence Light intensity nationallicence Multilevel structural equation modeling nationallicence Soil nitrate concentration nationallicence Shikata Megumi Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, 630-8506, Nara, Japan aut Kato Teiko Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, 630-8506, Nara, Japan aut Shibata Ei'ich Laboratory of Forest Protection, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Nagoya, Japan aut Sato Hiroaki Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, 630-8506, Nara, Japan aut Ecological Research Springer Japan 28/2(2013-03-01), 207-216 0912-3814 28:2<207 2013 28 11284 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-012-1007-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-012-1007-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shikata Megumi Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, 630-8506, Nara, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kato Teiko Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, 630-8506, Nara, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shibata Ei'ich Laboratory of Forest Protection, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Nagoya, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sato Hiroaki Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, 630-8506, Nara, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Ecological Research Springer Japan 28/2(2013-03-01), 207-216 0912-3814 28:2<207 2013 28 11284 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer