naa a22 4500 510739148 CHVBK 20180411083021.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12015-013-9462-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12015-013-9462-3 Defining "Research” in the US and EU: Contrast of Sherley v. Sebelius and Brüstle v. Greenpeace Rulings [Elektronische Daten] [Maude Cuchiara, James Lawford Davies, Kirstin Matthews] In 2011, courts in both the United States and European Union handed down decisions related to human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research. In both cases, the definition of research was challenged - but the two courts reached different opinions. In the US case, Sherley v. Sebelius, research was defined as a specific project. The US District Court of Appeals did not link research utilizing existing hESC lines to the act of destroying a human embryo in order to create the line, which is not eligible for federal funding. In contrast, the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Brüstle v. Greenpeace case determined inventions related to hESCs were unpatentable since they resulted from research that involved the destruction of human embryos. In this article, we will compare and contrast these two court cases, the politics related to the rulings, and their impacts. We find that these cases significantly impacted current research and have the potential to negatively impact future stem cell research and development. However, the long-term effects of the cases remain to be seen, and there is a chance that these cases could actually strengthen this area of science. Ultimately, we feel that stem cell polices must be straightforward and supported by the public to prevent courts and judges from making decisions on science, which are disruptive to the progression of research. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 Policy nationallicence Sherley v. Sebelius nationallicence Brustle v. Greenpeace nationallicence Court case nationallicence Patent nationallicence Cuchiara Maude Science and Technology Policy Program, James A. Baker III Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, 77005, Houston, TX, USA aut Lawford Davies James Lawford Davies Denoon, 14a Clerkenwell Green, EC1R 0DP, London, UK aut Matthews Kirstin Science and Technology Policy Program, James A. Baker III Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, 77005, Houston, TX, USA aut Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 9/6(2013-12-01), 743-751 1550-8943 9:6<743 2013 9 12015 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-013-9462-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-013-9462-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cuchiara Maude Science and Technology Policy Program, James A. Baker III Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, 77005, Houston, TX, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lawford Davies James Lawford Davies Denoon, 14a Clerkenwell Green, EC1R 0DP, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Matthews Kirstin Science and Technology Policy Program, James A. Baker III Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, 77005, Houston, TX, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 9/6(2013-12-01), 743-751 1550-8943 9:6<743 2013 9 12015 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer