naa a22 4500 510745032 CHVBK 20180411083043.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13364-013-0148-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13364-013-0148-7 Complex patterns of population genetic structure of moose, Alces alces , after recent spatial expansion in Poland revealed by sex-linked markers [Elektronische Daten] [Magdalena Świsłocka, Magdalena Czajkowska, Norbert Duda, Jan Danyłow, Edyta Owadowska-Cornil, Mirosław Ratkiewicz] In recent years, human activity directly and indirectly influenced the demography of moose in Poland. The species was close to extinction, and only a few isolated populations survived after the Second World War; then, unprecedented demographic and spatial expansions had occurred, possibly generating a very complex pattern of population genetic structure at the present-day margins of the species range in Poland. Over 370 moose from seven populations were collected from Poland, and partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region (mtDNA-cr; 607bp) were obtained. In addition, the entire mtDNA cytochrome b gene (1,140bp) and Y-chromosome markers (1,982bp in total) were studied in a chosen set of individuals. Twelve mtDNA haplotypes that all belonged to the European moose phylogroup were recorded. They could be divided into two distinct clades: Central Europe and the Ural Mountains. The first clade consists of three distinct groups/branches: Biebrza, Polesie, and Fennoscandia. The Biebrza group has experienced spatial and demographic expansion in the recent past. Average genetic differentiation among moose populations in Poland at mtDNA-cr was great and significant (Φ ST = 0.407, p < 0.001). Using mtDNA-cr data, four separate groups of population were recognized using spatial analysis of molecular variance and principal coordinate analysis, including a relict population in Biebrza National Park, a reintroduced Kampinos National Park population, as well as populations that were descendants of moose that colonized Poland from the east (Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine) and the north (former East Prussia). Among all the sequenced Y-chromosome markers, polymorphisms were found in the DBY14 marker in three populations only; four haplotypes were recorded in total. No significant differentiation was detected for this Y-linked marker among moose populations in Poland. Our mtDNA study revealed that a variety of different factors—bottleneck, the presence of relict, autochthonous populations, translocations, limited female dispersal, and the colonization from the east and north—are responsible for the observed complex pattern of population genetic structure after demographic and spatial expansion of moose in Poland. The Author(s), 2013 Bottleneck nationallicence Mitochondrial DNA nationallicence Relict populations nationallicence Spatial expansion nationallicence Translocations nationallicence Y-chromosome markers nationallicence Świsłocka Magdalena Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland aut Czajkowska Magdalena Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland aut Duda Norbert Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland aut Danyłow Jan Kampinos National Park, Tetmajera 38, 05-080, Izabelin, Poland aut Owadowska-Cornil Edyta Kampinos National Park, Tetmajera 38, 05-080, Izabelin, Poland aut Ratkiewicz Mirosław Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland aut Acta Theriologica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 58/4(2013-10-01), 367-378 0001-7051 58:4<367 2013 58 13364 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-013-0148-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-013-0148-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Świsłocka Magdalena Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Czajkowska Magdalena Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Duda Norbert Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Danyłow Jan Kampinos National Park, Tetmajera 38, 05-080, Izabelin, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Owadowska-Cornil Edyta Kampinos National Park, Tetmajera 38, 05-080, Izabelin, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ratkiewicz Mirosław Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950, Białystok, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Theriologica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 58/4(2013-10-01), 367-378 0001-7051 58:4<367 2013 58 13364 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer