naa a22 4500 510745172 CHVBK 20180411083043.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13364-012-0111-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13364-012-0111-z The diet of breeding female wolverines ( Gulo gulo ) in two areas of Finland [Elektronische Daten] [Anni Koskela, Ilpo Kojola, Jouni Aspi, Marja Hyvärinen] The wolverine (Gulo gulo) hunts and scavenges for food. We examined how the presence of a semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) influences the diet of breeding female wolverines in Finland. We compared the dietary composition of wolverines breeding in the reindeer management area (northern Finland) with that of wolverines breeding outside this area (eastern Finland) by analyzing 421 scats collected from six active dens in northern Finland and four dens in eastern Finland during 2004-2006. The occurrence of food sources in the diet was assessed for both areas using logistic mixed-effects models. Diet breadth per study area was also calculated. As expected, semi-domesticated reindeer was the most important food source (66%) in northern Finland. Mountain hares (Lepus timidus) were the second most important food item (16%). Wolverines also utilized grouse (7%), small rodents (6%), and moose (Alces alces; 4%) in their diet. In eastern Finland, the most utilized prey species was moose (55%), while the diet also comprised mountain hares (13%), domestic pigs (Sus scrofa; 13%), grouse (11%), and small rodents (2%). The diet of wolverines in eastern Finland included more moose and less semi-domesticated reindeers and small rodents than in northern Finland. The niche breadth did not differ between the study areas. In eastern Finland, the diet of wolverines shifted to 55% moose and 0% semi-domesticated reindeer; compared to 4% moose and 66% semi-domesticated reindeer in northern Finland. Our study highlights the important role of ungulates in the diet of breeding female wolverines. In areas with a low density of medium-sized ungulates, scavenging for wolf- and human-killed moose and carcasses on feeding sites plays an essential role in food acquisition by wolverines. Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland, 2012 Diet nationallicence Finland nationallicence Predation nationallicence Scavenging nationallicence Semi-domesticated reindeer nationallicence Wolverine nationallicence Koskela Anni Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland aut Kojola Ilpo Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland aut Aspi Jouni Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland aut Hyvärinen Marja Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland aut Acta Theriologica Springer-Verlag 58/2(2013-04-01), 199-204 0001-7051 58:2<199 2013 58 13364 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-012-0111-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-012-0111-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Koskela Anni Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kojola Ilpo Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aspi Jouni Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hyvärinen Marja Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Theriologica Springer-Verlag 58/2(2013-04-01), 199-204 0001-7051 58:2<199 2013 58 13364 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer