naa a22 4500 510745237 CHVBK 20180411083043.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13364-012-0108-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13364-012-0108-7 Concentration of fecal cortisol metabolites in chamois in relation to tourist pressure in Tatra National Park (South Poland) [Elektronische Daten] [Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica, Nuria Selva, Isabel Barja, Gema Silván, Leticia Martínez-Fernández, Juan Illera, Miłosz Jodłowski] In protected areas, outdoor recreation, and nature-based tourism can act as potential stressors for wildlife. Given the growing demand for nature recreation, the consequences of high tourist visitation on wildlife need to be assessed in order to avoid incompatibilities between public use and species protection goals. The Tatra National Park (Poland), in the Carpathian Mountains, is a unique alpine ecosystem visited by three million tourists per year. It hosts the only native population of an endemic subspecies of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica). We investigated the effects of tourist disturbance, the number of visitors, and the season on the concentration of fecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) in Tatra chamois in 2009. FCM levels of chamois were significantly higher and showed higher variation at high tourist disturbance (mean ± SD, 46.2 ± 31.53ng/g, n = 56) than at low disturbance sites (mean ± SD, 17.2 ± 8.05ng/g, n = 38). Stress levels increased with the number of visitors and therefore showed a peak in summer, coinciding with the highest number of visitation to the national park. A large portion of chamois habitat in Tatra National Park is within the area of influence of the touristic trail network. The temporal or permanent creation of areas free of disturbance in protected areas should be considered, especially in the periods of high tourist visitation. This study highlights the need to monitor the effects of tourist activities on wildlife and to implement new policies in the management of protected areas. Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland, 2012 Alpine ecosystems nationallicence Glucocorticoids nationallicence Human disturbance nationallicence Protected areas nationallicence Rupicapra rupicapra nationallicence Stress ecology nationallicence Zwijacz-Kozica Tomasz Tatra National Park, Kuźnice 1, 34-500, Zakopane, Poland aut Selva Nuria Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland aut Barja Isabel Departamento de Biología, Unidad Zoología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain aut Silván Gema Departamento de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain aut Martínez-Fernández Leticia Departamento de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain aut Illera Juan Departamento de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain aut Jodłowski Miłosz Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-386, Kraków, Poland aut Acta Theriologica Springer-Verlag 58/2(2013-04-01), 215-222 0001-7051 58:2<215 2013 58 13364 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-012-0108-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-012-0108-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zwijacz-Kozica Tomasz Tatra National Park, Kuźnice 1, 34-500, Zakopane, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Selva Nuria Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Barja Isabel Departamento de Biología, Unidad Zoología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Silván Gema Departamento de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Martínez-Fernández Leticia Departamento de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Illera Juan Departamento de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jodłowski Miłosz Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-386, Kraków, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Theriologica Springer-Verlag 58/2(2013-04-01), 215-222 0001-7051 58:2<215 2013 58 13364 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer