naa a22 4500 510746896 CHVBK 20180411083049.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13199-013-0236-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13199-013-0236-0 Boundary lines in symbiosis forms [Elektronische Daten] [Eric Parmentier, Loïc Michel] Symbiosis can take different forms (parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, etc.) but boundaries between different types of symbiotic interactions are not well defined. The kinds of symbiotic associations between organisms cannot however be restricted to isolated and distinct categories. These associations are part of a broad continuum in which it is difficult to know where one type of association ends and another begins. Moreover, different scientists use the same term to mean different things or different terms to mean the same thing. This can obscure what is biologically important and what is not. This communication proposes a new classification scheme, which simply and comprehensively illustrates relationships between the various kinds of associations. The scheme illustrates relationships clearly and highlights the continuum between types of associations. It further indicates where modifications to the scheme are possible over time. The classification of the association between two organisms can be reduced to two factors: 1) the impact incurred by the host (benefit or damage) and 2) the relative duration of the association (RDA), i.e. the ratio of the duration of the association to the life expectancy of the symbiont. The conceptual figure provides concrete examples and illustrates some relationships that can change during different life stages. This figure should help teachers and students in the understanding of symbiosis, and could be a starting point for future discussions in the continuously developing research fields studying ecological and evolutionary implications of symbiotic relationships. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2013 Mutualism nationallicence Parasitism nationallicence Predation nationallicence Commensalism nationallicence Phoretism nationallicence Inquilinism nationallicence Symbiont nationallicence Parmentier Eric Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium aut Michel Loïc Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium aut Symbiosis Springer Netherlands 60/1(2013-05-01), 1-5 0334-5114 60:1<1 2013 60 13199 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-013-0236-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-013-0236-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Parmentier Eric Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Michel Loïc Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Symbiosis Springer Netherlands 60/1(2013-05-01), 1-5 0334-5114 60:1<1 2013 60 13199 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer