naa a22 4500 51074897X CHVBK 20180411083057.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11270-012-1403-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11270-012-1403-2 Source Apportionment of Personal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds using Positive Matrix Factorization [Elektronische Daten] [Hakan Pekey, Beyhan Pekey, Demet Arslanbaş, Zehra Bozkurt, Güray Doğan, Gürdal Tuncel] The objective of this study was to identify potential sources of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO2, SO2, and O3 in an urban and industrial area of Turkey between May 2006 and January 2007. Personal exposures were determined once per person in 28 adults over a 24-h period. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry were used to measure 15 elements in PM2.5, including Al, As, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, and Zn. The VOCs benzene, toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, cyclohexane, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, hexane, heptane, nonane, octane, decane, undecane, and dodecane were measured by thermal desorption and gas chromatography/flame ionization. Application of positive matrix factorization to the data obtained suggests that motor vehicles, indoor sources, and industry represent the main emission sources of the investigated chemical species. Six major sources smoking (9%), industry (15%), gasoline exhaust (21%), indoor sources (17%), diesel exhaust (19%), and crustal (19%) were identified. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2012 Personal exposure nationallicence VOCs nationallicence PM2.5 nationallicence Elements nationallicence PMF model nationallicence Source apportionment nationallicence Pekey Hakan Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey aut Pekey Beyhan Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey aut Arslanbaş Demet Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey aut Bozkurt Zehra Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey aut Doğan Güray Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey aut Tuncel Gürdal Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey aut Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/1(2013-01-01), 1-11 0049-6979 224:1<1 2013 224 11270 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1403-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1403-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pekey Hakan Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pekey Beyhan Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Arslanbaş Demet Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bozkurt Zehra Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Doğan Güray Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tuncel Gürdal Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/1(2013-01-01), 1-11 0049-6979 224:1<1 2013 224 11270 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer