naa a22 4500 510749437 CHVBK 20180411083059.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11270-013-1667-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11270-013-1667-1 The Effectiveness of Electro-Remediation of Aged, Metal-Contaminated Sediment in Relation to Sequential Extraction of Metals [Elektronische Daten] [O. Merkx, J. Loch, A. Lima, J. Dijk, J. de Kreuk, P. Kleingeld] Soil pollution is a universal environmental issue, and the clean-up of contaminated soils can be costly and time consuming. Traditional methods often do not provide an effective solution when it comes to fine-grained and highly impermeable soils and/or immobile contaminants. Electro-remediation, however, is a promising technique. The aim of this study was to relate electrokinetic removal of heavy metals from a contaminated, aged sediment sludge to the metal speciation in the sludge. Metal speciation was determined by a Tessier-based sequential extraction method. Two electro-remediation experiments were conducted in the laboratory in order to investigate removal of metals. The studies were done in a cell designed for a predictive laboratory test of feasibility of electro-remediation of soil. Maximum removal percentages during the experiment using a constant current of 1mA/cm2 over ∼180h with a corresponding potential gradient of 0.5V/cm were larger than 15% for Cd (21%), Cu (15%), and Zn (23%); Ni and Pb showed removal less than 10%; Cr demonstrated no removal. Removal of non-contaminant metals Mn and Ca exceeded that of heavy metals. The removal rates were compared to metal speciation in the non-treated sludge, measured by the sequential extraction. It was observed that the electrokinetic removal did not directly relate to the metal distribution over the fractions within the sludge. The aging of metals and other geochemical characteristics of the contaminated sludge affected the removal of heavy metals. Therefore, sequential extraction alone does not provide a predictive tool for the effectiveness of electro-remediation. Additional geochemical information is needed. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2013 Electro-remediation nationallicence Sludge nationallicence Soil nationallicence Aged contamination nationallicence Heavy metals nationallicence Merkx O. Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Loch J. Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Lima A. Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Dijk J. BioSoil BV, Nijverheidsweg 27, 3341LJ, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, The Netherlands aut de Kreuk J. BioSoil BV, Nijverheidsweg 27, 3341LJ, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, The Netherlands aut Kleingeld P. Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/9(2013-09-01), 1-12 0049-6979 224:9<1 2013 224 11270 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1667-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1667-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Merkx O. Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Loch J. Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lima A. Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dijk J. BioSoil BV, Nijverheidsweg 27, 3341LJ, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- de Kreuk J. BioSoil BV, Nijverheidsweg 27, 3341LJ, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kleingeld P. Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/9(2013-09-01), 1-12 0049-6979 224:9<1 2013 224 11270 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer