naa a22 4500 510750257 CHVBK 20180411083102.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11270-013-1703-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11270-013-1703-1 The Effects of Copper Hydroxide, Captan and Trifloxystrobin Fungicides on Soil Phosphomonoesterase and Urease Activity [Elektronische Daten] [Adam Wightwick, Suzanne Reichman, Neal Menzies, Graeme Allinson] There is increasing community awareness of the potential environmental risks posed by Cu-based fungicide use, which is placing increasing pressure on governments and industry to undertake risk minimisation action. However, if there is going to be a widespread move away from the use of Cu-based fungicides, logically there needs to be assurance that the alternatives pose a lower environmental risk. To that end, this study compared the effect of copper hydroxide, captan and trifloxystrobin on soil enzymatic (phosphomonoesterase and urease) activity. Compared to an untreated control, copper did not inhibit either enzyme activity, even at the highest dose used in the study (156mg/kg). At their respective high doses, captan (96mg/kg) and trifloxystrobin (144mg/kg) did not cause inhibition of phosphomonoesterase activity but did inhibit urease activity. Consequently, the results from this study suggest that the copper hydroxide alternatives, captan and trifloxystrobin, do not pose a short-term risk to P cycling processes in soil, although the results do suggest that these two are more toxic than copper hydroxide to N cycling processes in soil. Moreover, captan and trifloxystrobin compounds are unlikely to pose a long-term risk to soil microbial function as they are unlikely to persist in soil at concentrations found to cause an adverse effect on urease activity. Nonetheless, the potential disruption to N cycling processes needs to be recognised and consideration given to limiting the annual applications of these fungicides, particularly around the timing of repeat fungicide applications, to prevent accumulation of the fungicides in surface soils. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2013 Copper nationallicence Captan nationallicence Trifloxystrobin nationallicence Soil nationallicence Microbial function nationallicence Enzyme activity nationallicence Microcosm nationallicence Wightwick Adam School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut Reichman Suzanne School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia aut Menzies Neal School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut Allinson Graeme Department of Primary Industries, Future Farming Systems Research,, 2a Bellarine Highway, 3225, Queenscliff, VIC, Australia aut Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/12(2013-12-01), 1-9 0049-6979 224:12<1 2013 224 11270 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1703-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1703-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wightwick Adam School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reichman Suzanne School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Menzies Neal School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Allinson Graeme Department of Primary Industries, Future Farming Systems Research,, 2a Bellarine Highway, 3225, Queenscliff, VIC, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/12(2013-12-01), 1-9 0049-6979 224:12<1 2013 224 11270 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer