naa a22 4500 510750788 CHVBK 20180411083103.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11270-013-1489-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11270-013-1489-1 Formulation of Indices to Describe Intrinsic Nitrogen Transformation Rates for the Implementation of Best Management Practices in Agricultural Lands [Elektronische Daten] [V. Aschonitis, E. Salemi, N. Colombani, G. Castaldelli, M. Mastrocicco] The aim of this study is to expand the family of LOS indices for the assessment of the intrinsic nitrogen (N) transformation rates of mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonia volatilization in agricultural lands. The new indices are added to the two existing ones, which concern N losses through percolation and runoff, in order to provide an integrated aspect of the N budget components of each region based on its intrinsic properties by excluding external factors (e.g., agricultural practices, different crops). This provides a common basis for the classification of N processes' dynamics, since they are expressed in units connected to intensity classes, allowing comparisons among different regions. Their calibration is based on non-linear regression analysis using as "observed values” the simulation results of the GLEAMS model from a theoretical reference field crop. Their combination is used for the assessment of the total annual intrinsic rate of N losses and the degree of fertilization failure, which are calculated as secondary indices. The indices can be applied in a GIS environment with easily accessible data and allow the designation of site-specific best management practices (BMPs) to diminish N losses. Finally, a case study in Ferrara Province in Italy is presented in order to highlight the potentiality of these indices to describe the intrinsic N budget components of the agricultural ecosystems and to support BMPs. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2013 Denitrification nationallicence Ammonia volatilization nationallicence Mineralization nationallicence Nitrification nationallicence GIS nationallicence GLEAMS model nationallicence FFI% : Fertilization failure index (%) nationallicence IR : Annual amount of irrigation water (mm year−1) nationallicence K s : Hydraulic conductivity (mm day−1) nationallicence LOS : The family of all indices which concern the annual intrinsic rates of water and nitrogen flows nationallicence LOSW : Sub-category of the LOS indices which concern the annual intrinsic rates of water flows nationallicence LOSN : Sub-category of the LOS indices which concern the annual intrinsic rates of nitrogen flows nationallicence LOSW-P : Annual intrinsic rates of water losses through percolation (mm year−1) nationallicence LOSW-R : Annual intrinsic rates of water losses through surface runoff (mm year−1) nationallicence LOSN-PN : Annual intrinsic rates of nitrogen losses through percolation (kg N ha−1 year−1) nationallicence LOSN-RN : Annual intrinsic rates of nitrogen losses through runoff (kg N ha−1 year−1) nationallicence LOSN-DEN : Annual intrinsic rates of nitrogen losses through denitrification (kg N ha−1 year−1) nationallicence LOSN-VOLN : Annual intrinsic rates of nitrogen losses through ammonia volatilization (kg N ha−1 year−1) nationallicence LOSN-MIN : Annual intrinsic rates of organic nitrogen mineralization (kg N ha−1 year−1) nationallicence LOSN-NIT : Annual intrinsic rates of ammonia nitrogen nitrification (kg N ha−1 year−1) nationallicence LOSN-TN : Annual intrinsic rates of total nitrogen losses through percolation, runoff, denitrification and ammonia volatilization (kg N ha−1 year−1) nationallicence OM : Organic matter (%) nationallicence PCP : Mean annual precipitation (mm year−1) nationallicence PE : Mean annual potential evapotranspiration (mm year−1) nationallicence S : Surface slope (%) nationallicence T : Mean annual temperature (°C) nationallicence Aschonitis V. Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut Salemi E. Department of Physic and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut Colombani N. Department of Physic and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut Castaldelli G. Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut Mastrocicco M. Department of Physic and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/3(2013-03-01), 1-14 0049-6979 224:3<1 2013 224 11270 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1489-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1489-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aschonitis V. Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Salemi E. Department of Physic and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Colombani N. Department of Physic and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Castaldelli G. Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mastrocicco M. Department of Physic and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/3(2013-03-01), 1-14 0049-6979 224:3<1 2013 224 11270 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer