naa a22 4500 510750834 CHVBK 20180411083104.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11270-012-1404-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11270-012-1404-1 Individual and Mixture Toxicity of Commercial Formulations Containing Glyphosate, Metsulfuron-Methyl, Bispyribac-Sodium, and Picloram on Rhinella arenarum Tadpoles [Elektronische Daten] [Rafael Lajmanovich, Celina Junges, Andrés Attademo, Paola Peltzer, Mariana Cabagna-Zenklusen, Agustín Basso] We investigated the effects of four commercial formulations of herbicides (glyphosate [GLY], metsulfuron-methyl [MET], bispyribac-sodium [BIS], and picloram [PIC]) individually, and in three 50:50 mixtures (GLY-MET, GLY-BIS, GLY-PIC) on the common toad Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles. Enzymatic parameters such as, glutathione S-transferase (GST), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, as well as erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) were studied. Interactions between herbicides in mixtures were evaluated and classified as additive, synergistic, or antagonistic. Toxicity results (48-h LC50) showed that PIC was the most toxic herbicide, followed by BIS, GLY, and MET, while GLY-PIC was the most toxic mixture, followed by GLY-BIS, and GLY-MET. All commercial herbicide formulations and their mixtures significantly inhibited BChE activity in exposed tadpoles. The AChE activity was also inhibited by all herbicides and their mixtures, except by GLY-BIS. The inhibition of GST activity was only significant for GLY, MET, PIC, and GLY-MET. A significant increase in the frequency of ENA was found for tadpoles exposed either to commercial herbicide formulations or to mixtures, except for GLY. All the mixtures showed synergism for BChE activity while for AChE only the GLY-MET and GLY-PIC mixtures acted synergistically. GLY-MET showed synergism for GST, whereas for ENA, the mixture GLY-BIS was antagonistic. This study with R. arenarum tadpoles demonstrates that the interactions between three of the most intensively used herbicides in soybean crops results in synergistic effects on mortality and neurotoxicity and synergistic or additive effects in genotoxicity. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2012 Amphibians nationallicence Herbicide mixtures nationallicence Cholinesterase nationallicence Erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities nationallicence Lajmanovich Rafael National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina aut Junges Celina National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina aut Attademo Andrés National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina aut Peltzer Paola National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina aut Cabagna-Zenklusen Mariana Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences (FBCB-UNL), Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina aut Basso Agustín Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences (FBCB-UNL), Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina aut Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/3(2013-03-01), 1-13 0049-6979 224:3<1 2013 224 11270 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1404-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1404-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lajmanovich Rafael National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Junges Celina National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Attademo Andrés National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Peltzer Paola National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cabagna-Zenklusen Mariana Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences (FBCB-UNL), Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Basso Agustín Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences (FBCB-UNL), Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/3(2013-03-01), 1-13 0049-6979 224:3<1 2013 224 11270 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer