naa a22 4500 510751946 CHVBK 20180411083107.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11270-013-1549-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11270-013-1549-6 Mercury and Chlorinated Pesticides on the Highest Level of the Food Web as Exemplified by Herring from the Southern Baltic and African Penguins from the Zoo [Elektronische Daten] [Lucyna Falkowska, Andrzej Reindl, Emilia Szumiło, Justyna Kwaśniak, Marta Staniszewska, Magdalena Bełdowska, Anita Lewandowska, Izabela Krause] Aquatic birds are often used as a health indicator of the marine ecosystem. African penguins living in the zoo make good research material as they form a link between the marine and the terrestrial ecosystem in terms of xenobiotic circulation. Tests were performed on whole herring—the food of the penguins—as well as on bird muscle, liver, brain, eggs, feathers and guano in order to determine total mercury, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, isodrin, endosulfan isomers, endosulfan sulfate, methoxychlor, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites. In herring and penguin, the tests did not show the presence of β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, aldrin and isodrin. It was shown that penguins absorb about 36.8μg of organochlorine pesticides and 4.6μg of mercury with their food on a daily basis. Xenobiotics accumulate mostly in the liver, from where they are transported to the muscles and the brain, where the highest bioaccumulation factor is reached by endrin and pp'-DDT. Conceivably, the older the penguin, the higher is the concentration level of pesticides in its liver and brain. Molting was found to be the most effective way of eliminating mercury, dieldrin and methoxychlor from the system. Insecticides, such as DDT and its metabolites, were removed most effectively by females through laying of eggs. The standard four eggs laid within a year may have contained up to 20% of the total amount of pesticides which had been absorbed with food, but no more than 5% of mercury. The Author(s), 2013 Mercury nationallicence Persistent organic pollutants nationallicence Clupea harengus nationallicence Spheniscus demersus nationallicence Southern Baltic nationallicence Falkowska Lucyna Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut Reindl Andrzej Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut Szumiło Emilia Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut Kwaśniak Justyna Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut Staniszewska Marta Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut Bełdowska Magdalena Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut Lewandowska Anita Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut Krause Izabela Municipal Zoological Garden, ul Karwieńska 3, 80-001, Gdańsk, Poland aut Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/5(2013-05-01), 1-15 0049-6979 224:5<1 2013 224 11270 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1549-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1549-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Falkowska Lucyna Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reindl Andrzej Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Szumiło Emilia Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kwaśniak Justyna Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Staniszewska Marta Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bełdowska Magdalena Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lewandowska Anita Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-387, Gdynia, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Krause Izabela Municipal Zoological Garden, ul Karwieńska 3, 80-001, Gdańsk, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/5(2013-05-01), 1-15 0049-6979 224:5<1 2013 224 11270 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer