naa a22 4500 510752543 CHVBK 20180411083109.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11270-012-1431-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11270-012-1431-y An Analysis of Leachate Constituents and Pathogen Destruction in Deer Mortality Static Windrow Composting [Elektronische Daten] [Bridget Donaldson, Garrett Smith, Young-Jun Kweon, Nammalwar Sriranganathan] Approximately 1.1 million deer-vehicle collisions occur in the United States each year. The predominant methods of disposing of these carcasses (landfill and burial) have several costly disadvantages, including long travel distances to landfills, increasing landfill restrictions, and lack of viable burial areas. Some states have found static compost windrows to be an easy and cost-effective carcass management technique. This type of composting involves the construction of passively aerated static piles, which do not require the materials turning needed with more traditional composting methods. In this study, deer mortality static compost windrows were monitored for 1year. Windrows were analyzed for pathogen destruction and the degree to which underlying soil filtered leachate contaminants. In response to high windrow temperatures, indicator pathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella were reduced by 99.99% the first sampling day (day 7) and ascarids were deemed non-viable by day 77. Soil filtration of leachate was effective in reducing concentrations of ammonia, chloride, and total organic carbon. Nitrate, a contaminant of particular regulatory concern, had an estimated mass contaminant loss of 2.1kg/ha, compared to the estimated 9 to 50kg/ha loss from fertilizer application of common agronomic crops. Results of this study indicate that with properly constructed static compost windrows, (1) high temperatures effectively destroy indicator pathogens; (2) the natural filtration of leachate through soil reduces deer mortality contaminant concentrations; and (3) the low volume of leachate (i.e., two percent of the precipitation that fell on windrows) results in nominal losses of nitrate and other contaminants. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2013 Static windrows nationallicence Roadkill nationallicence Animal mortality disposal nationallicence Leachate nationallicence E. coli nationallicence Salmonella nationallicence Helminth nationallicence Donaldson Bridget Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, 530 Edgemont Road, 22903, Charlottesville, VA, USA aut Smith Garrett Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Rd., 24060, Blacksburg, VA, USA aut Kweon Young-Jun Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, 530 Edgemont Road, 22903, Charlottesville, VA, USA aut Sriranganathan Nammalwar Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Rd., 24060, Blacksburg, VA, USA aut Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/2(2013-02-01), 1-17 0049-6979 224:2<1 2013 224 11270 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1431-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1431-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Donaldson Bridget Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, 530 Edgemont Road, 22903, Charlottesville, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Smith Garrett Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Rd., 24060, Blacksburg, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kweon Young-Jun Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, 530 Edgemont Road, 22903, Charlottesville, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sriranganathan Nammalwar Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Rd., 24060, Blacksburg, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Springer Netherlands 224/2(2013-02-01), 1-17 0049-6979 224:2<1 2013 224 11270 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer