naa a22 4500 510753779 CHVBK 20180411083115.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13131-013-0353-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13131-013-0353-x The improvement of the one-dimensional Mellor-Yamada and K-profile parameterization turbulence schemes with the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing [Elektronische Daten] [Yan Li, Fangli Qiao, Xunqiang Yin, Qi Shu, Hongyu Ma] Both the level 2.5 Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure scheme (MY) and K-profile parameterization (KPP) are popularly used by the ocean modeling community. The MY and the KPP are improved through including the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing (Bv), and the improved schemes were tested by using continuous data at the Papa ocean weather station (OWS) during 1961-1965. The numerical results showed that the Bv can make the temperature simulations fit much better with the continuous data from Papa Station. The two improved schemes overcame the shortcomings of predicting too shallow upper mixed layer depth and consequently overheated sea surface temperature during summertime, which are in fact common problems for all turbulence closure models. Statistical analysis showed that the Bv effectively reduced the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the upper layer temperature and increased the correlation coefficient between simulation and the observation. Furthermore, the performance of vertical mixing induced by shear instability and the Bv is also compared. Both the temperature structure and its seasonal cycle significantly improved by including the Bv, regardless of whether shear instability was included or not, especially for the KPP mixing scheme, which suggested that Bv played a dominant role in the upper ocean where the mean current was relatively weak, such as at Papa Station. These results may provide a clue to improve ocean circulation models. The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013 non-breaking wave-induced mixing nationallicence mixed layer nationallicence numerical modeling nationallicence Papa Station nationallicence Li Yan College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, China aut Qiao Fangli Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM), First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), 266061, Qingdao, China aut Yin Xunqiang Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM), First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), 266061, Qingdao, China aut Shu Qi Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM), First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), 266061, Qingdao, China aut Ma Hongyu Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM), First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), 266061, Qingdao, China aut Acta Oceanologica Sinica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 32/9(2013-09-01), 62-73 0253-505X 32:9<62 2013 32 13131 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0353-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0353-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Yan College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Qiao Fangli Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM), First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), 266061, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yin Xunqiang Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM), First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), 266061, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shu Qi Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM), First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), 266061, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ma Hongyu Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM), First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), 266061, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Oceanologica Sinica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 32/9(2013-09-01), 62-73 0253-505X 32:9<62 2013 32 13131 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer