naa a22 4500 510753876 CHVBK 20180411083115.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13131-013-0334-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13131-013-0334-0 Global air-sea surface carbon-dioxide transfer velocity and flux estimated using ERS-2 data and a new parametric formula [Elektronische Daten] [Tan Yu, Yijun He, Guozhen Zha, Jinbao Song, Guoqiang Liu, Jie Guo] Using data from the European remote sensing scatterometer (ERS-2) from July 1997 to August 1998, global distributions of the air-sea CO2 transfer velocity and flux are retrieved. A new model of the air-sea CO2 transfer velocity with surface wind speed and wave steepness is proposed. The wave steepness (δ) is retrieved using a neural network (NN) model from ERS-2 scatterometer data, while the wind speed is directly derived by the ERS-2 scatterometer. The new model agrees well with the formulations based on the wind speed and the variation in the wind speed dependent relationships presented in many previous studies can be explained by this proposed relation with variation in wave steepness effect. Seasonally global maps of gas transfer velocity and flux are shown on the basis of the new model and the seasonal variations of the transfer velocity and flux during the 1 a period. The global mean gas transfer velocity is 30 cm/h after area-weighting and Schmidt number correction and its accuracy remains calculation with in situ data. The highest transfer velocity occurs around 60°N and 60°S, while the lowest on the equator. The total air to sea CO2 flux (calculated by carbon) in that year is 1.77 Pg. The strongest source of CO2 is in the equatorial east Pacific Ocean, while the strongest sink is in the 68°N. Full exploration of the uncertainty of this estimate awaits further data. An effectual method is provided to calculate the effect of waves on the determination of air-sea CO2 transfer velocity and fluxes with ERS-2 scatterometer data. The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013 gas transfer velocity nationallicence carbon dioxide flux nationallicence wave steepness nationallicence European remote sensing scatterometer nationallicence Yu Tan Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China aut He Yijun School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China aut Zha Guozhen Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China aut Song Jinbao Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China aut Liu Guoqiang Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China aut Guo Jie Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 264003, Yantai, China aut Acta Oceanologica Sinica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 32/7(2013-07-01), 78-87 0253-505X 32:7<78 2013 32 13131 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0334-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0334-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yu Tan Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- He Yijun School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zha Guozhen Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Song Jinbao Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Guoqiang Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Guo Jie Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 264003, Yantai, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Oceanologica Sinica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 32/7(2013-07-01), 78-87 0253-505X 32:7<78 2013 32 13131 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer