naa a22 4500 510754546 CHVBK 20180411083117.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13131-013-0314-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13131-013-0314-4 The physical structures of snow and sea ice in the Arctic section of 150°-180°W during the summer of 2010 [Elektronische Daten] [Wenfeng Huang, Ruibo Lei, Matero Ilkka, Qun Li, Yongxue Wang, Zhijun Li] The physical structures of snow and sea ice in the Arctic section of 150°-180°W were observed on the basis of snow-pit, ice-core, and drill-hole measurements from late July to late August 2010. Almost all the investigated floes were first-year ice, except for one located north of Alaska, which was probably multi-year ice transported from north of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago during early summer. The snow covers over all the investigated floes were in the melting phase, with temperatures approaching 0 °C and densities of 295-398 kg/m3. The snow covers can be divided into two to five layers of different textures, withmost cases having a top layer of fresh snow, a round-grain layer in themiddle, and slush and/or thin icing layers at the bottom. The first-year sea ice contained about 7%-17% granular ice at the top. There was no granular ice in the lower layers. The interiormelting and desalination of sea ice introduced strong stratifications of temperature, salinity, density, and gas and brine volume fractions. The sea ice temperature exhibited linear cooling with depth, while the salinity and the density increased linearly with normalized depth from 0.2 to 0.9 and from 0 to 0.65, respectively. The top layer, especially the freeboard layer, had the lowest salinity and density, and consequently the largest gas content and the smallest brine content. Both the salinity and density in the ice basal layer were highly scattered due to large differences in ice porosity among the samples. The bulk average sea ice temperature, salinity, density, and gas and brine volume fractions were −0.8 °C, 1.8, 837 kg/m3, 9.3% and 10.4%, respectively. The snow cover, sea ice bottom, and sea ice interior show evidences of melting duringmid-August in the investigated floe located at about 87°N, 175°W. The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013 sea ice nationallicence snow nationallicence thickness nationallicence salinity nationallicence temperature nationallicence density nationallicence Arctic Ocean nationallicence Huang Wenfeng State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China aut Lei Ruibo Polar Research Institute of China, State Oceanic Administration, 200136, Shanghai, China aut Ilkka Matero Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Box 48, Fi-00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Li Qun Polar Research Institute of China, State Oceanic Administration, 200136, Shanghai, China aut Wang Yongxue State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China aut Li Zhijun State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China aut Acta Oceanologica Sinica The Chinese Society of Oceanography 32/5(2013-05-01), 57-67 0253-505X 32:5<57 2013 32 13131 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0314-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0314-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Huang Wenfeng State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lei Ruibo Polar Research Institute of China, State Oceanic Administration, 200136, Shanghai, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ilkka Matero Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Box 48, Fi-00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Qun Polar Research Institute of China, State Oceanic Administration, 200136, Shanghai, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wang Yongxue State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Zhijun State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Oceanologica Sinica The Chinese Society of Oceanography 32/5(2013-05-01), 57-67 0253-505X 32:5<57 2013 32 13131 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer