naa a22 4500 510759726 CHVBK 20180411083135.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13225-012-0206-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13225-012-0206-5 Expanded taxon sampling disentangles evolutionary relationships and reveals a new family in Peltigerales (Lecanoromycetidae, Ascomycota) [Elektronische Daten] [Toby Spribille, Lucia Muggia] Lichens that incorporate cyanobacterial symbionts (cyanolichens) are an ecologically key group of species used as biomonitors at all latitudes. Cyanolichen evolution is however based on intense studies of few keystone species and the bulk of species diversity, especially of small species in cold climates, has yet to be accounted for in phylogenetic studies. We assembled an expanded data set including members of all nine currently accepted Peltigeralean families as well as hitherto undersampled representatives of small, radially symmetrical, placodioid cyanolichen genera from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Bayesian and maximum likelihood consensus trees from our multilocus analyses (nuSSU, nuLSU and mtSSU) recovered the genera Koerberia, Vestergrenopsis and Steinera as a new, fully supported, family-level clade within the Peltigerales. This clade is further supported by a posteriori morphological analysis and we describe it here as the new family Koerberiaceae. The recently described and physiognomically similar genus Steineropsis, by contrast, is recovered as sister to Protopannaria in the Pannariaceae (Collematineae). Previous analyses have recovered strong monophyletic groups around Pannariaceae, Lobariaceae and Peltigeraceae. We discuss in detail the phylogenetic relationships of all these taxa, provide a pan-Peltigeralean overview of phenotypic characteristics and illustrate all major ascus apical structures. Our topology provides strong backbone support for the sister relationship of Peltigerineae to Collematineae as well as for most currently recognized families of the Peltigerales. The following new combinations are made: Steinera symptychia (Tuck.) T. Sprib. & Muggia, and Vestergrenopsis sonomensis (Tuck.) T. Sprib. & Muggia. Mushroom Research Foundation, 2012 Ascus types nationallicence Cyanobacteria nationallicence Lichen nationallicence Koerberiaceae nationallicence Phylogenetics nationallicence Symbiosis nationallicence Systematics nationallicence Spribille Toby Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, 59812, Missoula, MT, USA aut Muggia Lucia Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria aut Fungal Diversity Springer Netherlands 58/1(2013-01-01), 171-184 1560-2745 58:1<171 2013 58 13225 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0206-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0206-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Spribille Toby Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, 59812, Missoula, MT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Muggia Lucia Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Fungal Diversity Springer Netherlands 58/1(2013-01-01), 171-184 1560-2745 58:1<171 2013 58 13225 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer