naa a22 4500 510762670 CHVBK 20180411083145.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11355-011-0177-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11355-011-0177-9 Effects of different planting methods on the early establishment of two introduced tree species in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China [Elektronische Daten] [Takashi Otoda, Guosheng Zhang, Linhe Wang, Ken Yoshikawa] We investigated the effects of planting density and relative ground height (distance from the water table) on the early establishment of two introduced tree species [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) and white poplar (Populus alba var. pyramidalis)] in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China; we used GLMM to analyze experimental effects. In total, 14 afforestation plots (seven plots per species) with variable relative ground heights were established on a shifting sand dune. Trees were planted at intervals of 3, 5, and 7m, and the distances between neighboring trees were fixed within plots. Planting intervals and numbers of neighboring trees were treated as measures of planting density, and relative ground height was treated as an indicator of water supply stability. For both species, tree survival rates decreased with increasing planting interval; the number of neighboring trees had a positive effect on survival. The effect of relative ground height differed between species. Pine tree survival rates decreased with increased relative ground height, while the survival rates of poplar trees were unaffected. We recommend that pine trees be planted at high density on lower sectors of sand dunes to prevent wind erosion in early spring. Poplar trees should be planted at high density without reference to relative ground height for the provision of fuelwood. International Consortium of Landscape and Ecological Engineering and Springer, 2011 Afforestation nationallicence Desertification nationallicence GLMM nationallicence Populus alba var. pyramidalis nationallicence Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica nationallicence Otoda Takashi Department of Environmental Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan aut Zhang Guosheng Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China aut Wang Linhe Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China aut Yoshikawa Ken Department of Environmental Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan aut Landscape and Ecological Engineering Springer Japan 9/1(2013-01-01), 59-66 1860-1871 9:1<59 2013 9 11355 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-011-0177-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-011-0177-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Otoda Takashi Department of Environmental Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhang Guosheng Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wang Linhe Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yoshikawa Ken Department of Environmental Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Landscape and Ecological Engineering Springer Japan 9/1(2013-01-01), 59-66 1860-1871 9:1<59 2013 9 11355 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer